477 research outputs found
Cancer trials in sub-Saharan Africa: Aligning research and care.
No full textSatish Gopal discusses the challenges of deliverable cancer care and cancer trials in sub-Saharan Africa as well as a potential framework for overcoming these challenges
Scientometric portrait of Ram Gopal Rastogi
No full textPublication productivity of Indian scientist (R.G. Rastogi) has been documented.
Scientometric analysis of 312 papers by Ram Gopal Rastogi published during 1954 to 1992 in various domains: (a) Luni -solar activity and quiet -time E & F- region (57); (b) Equatorial electric field and low and mid latitude iof:osphere (78); (c) Ionospheric E- region irregularities (19); (dj Ionospheric F- region irregularities (32); and (e) Magnetic disturbance effects on the equatorial low and mid latitude ionosphere (23) were analysed. Interdomainery contents and of the number of papers: a+b were 36; b+c and b+d were 20 each; b+e were 16;. c+e were 5; a+e were 3; d+e were 2; and a+d had only one publication. Highest collaborations were with H. Chandra (61), M.R. Deshpande (42), and G. Sethia (19) out of his total 97 collaborators. His highest productivity was during 1978 with 28 papers followed by 19 papers during 1977. The core journals preferred by him for publishing papers were: Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics, India, and Journal of Atomic & Terrestrial Physics, UK (59 each), followed by Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, India (34). Most prolific title keywords with their frequencies were: Ionosphere (92); Equatorial (61); F-region (53); Equatorial electrojet region (40), and Magnetic equator (30)
Subnational Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in the Russian Federation
No full textOur purpose is to examine the determinants of subnational distribution of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the key fifteen regions of Russia over the period of 2005-2011 using panel data. Within the most important economic regions of the country we found market seeking is still the main purpose of foreign inward investments. As a result, the size of the Russian consumer market presents a significant influence on the foreign economic activities alongside trade openness and government economic incentives. Our results from regression analysis indicate that gross regional product per capita, trade openness and the existence of special economic zones have significant positive impact on the regional distribution of FDI in the Russian Federation
Provenance-based trust for grid computing: Position Paper
No full textCurrent evolutions of Internet technology such as Web Services, ebXML, peer-to-peer and Grid computing all point to the development of large-scale open networks of diverse computing systems interacting with one another to perform tasks. Grid systems (and Web Services) are exemplary in this respect and are perhaps some of the first large-scale open computing systems to see widespread use - making them an important testing ground for problems in trust management which are likely to arise. From this perspective, today's grid architectures suffer from limitations, such as lack of a mechanism to trace results and lack of infrastructure to build up trust networks. These are important concerns in open grids, in which "community resources" are owned and managed by multiple stakeholders, and are dynamically organised in virtual organisations. Provenance enables users to trace how a particular result has been arrived at by identifying the individual services and the aggregation of services that produced such a particular output. Against this background, we present a research agenda to design, conceive and implement an industrial-strength open provenance architecture for grid systems. We motivate its use with three complex grid applications, namely aerospace engineering, organ transplant management and bioinformatics. Industrial-strength provenance support includes a scalable and secure architecture, an open proposal for standardising the protocols and data structures, a set of tools for configuring and using the provenance architecture, an open source reference implementation, and a deployment and validation in industrial context. The provision of such facilities will enrich grid capabilities by including new functionalities required for solving complex problems such as provenance data to provide complete audit trails of process execution and third-party analysis and auditing. As a result, we anticipate that a larger uptake of grid technology is likely to occur, since unprecedented possibilities will be offered to users and will give them a competitive edge
ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels, Parts A and B
No full textAndres Carrano (with James B. Taylor and Satish G. Kandlikar) is a contributing author, Characterization of the Effect of Surface Roughness and Texture on Fluid Flow: Past, Present, and Future (Keynote), pp. 11-18.
Proceedings of ASME 3rd International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/engineering-books/1053/thumbnail.jp
A quantitative data representation framework for structural and functional MR Imaging with application to prostate cancer detection
No full textProstate cancer (CaP) is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States among men, but there is a paucity of non-invasive image-based information for CaP detection and staging in vivo. Studies have shown the utility of multi-protocol magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve CaP detection accuracy by using both T2-weighted (T2w), dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), and diffusion weighted (DWI) MRI information. In this thesis, we present methods for quantitative representation of structural and functional imaging data with the objective of building automated classifiers to improve CaP detection accuracy in vivo. In vivo disease presence was quantified via extraction of textural signatures from T2w MRI. Evaluation of these signatures showed that CaP appearance within each of the two dominant prostate regions (central gland, peripheral zone) is significantly different. A classifier trained on zone-specific features also yielded a higher detection accuracy compared to a simpler, monolithic combination of all the texture features. While a number of automated classifiers are available, classifier choice must account for limitations in dataset size and annotation (such as with in vivo prostate MRI). A comprehensive evaluation of different classifier schemes was undertaken for the specific problem of automated CaP detection via T2w MRI on a zonewise basis. It was found that simple classifiers yielded significantly improved CaP detection accuracies compared to complex classifiers. Fundamental differences must be overcome when constructing a unified quantitative representation of structural (T2w) and functional (DCE, DWI) MRI. We present a novel technique, referred to as consensus embedding, which constructs a lower dimensional representation (embedding) from a high dimensional feature space such that information (class-based or otherwise) is optimally preserved. Consensus embedding is shown to result in an improved representation of the data compared to alternative DR-based strategies in a variety of experimental domains. A unified quantitative representation of T2w, DCE, and DWI prostate MRI was constructed via the consensus embedding framework. This yielded an integrated classifier which was more accurate for CaP detection in vivo as compared to using structural and functional information individually, or using a naive combination of such differing types of information.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Satish Easwar Viswanat
Global Health
No full textLast April, my 7-year-old daughter had cerebral malaria in Malawi, where my family and I live. Given the international discussion about the value of engaging beyond one’s borders in today’s world, I have been thinking a lot about why as an American oncologist employed by one of the country’s preeminent public universities, I choose to live and work abroad, placing myself and my family at risk of things that wouldn’t be concerns if we just stayed home
Fault Diagnosis of Semiconductor Random Access Memories
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Reason: Restricted to UIUC communityOpen Restriction set for Item 100821 on 2019-11-15T17:33:23Z with date null by [email protected] Services Electronics Program / DAAB-07-72-C-0259OpenCoordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems Laboratory"Author name appears as ""Satish Munkund Thatte"" in front matter
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
No full textPurpose of reviewSummarize recent developments for HIV-associated malignancies (HIVAM) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) with particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Recent findingsAntiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up is leading to epidemiologic transitions in LMIC similar to high-income countries, with aging and growth of HIV-infected populations, declining infectious deaths, increasing cancer deaths, and transitions from AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) to non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC). Despite ART scale-up, HIVAM burden remains high including enormous ADC burden in SSA. For Kaposi sarcoma (KS), patients treated with ART and chemotherapy can experience good outcomes even in rural SSA, but KS heterogeneity remains insufficiently understood including virologic, immunologic, and inflammatory features which may be unique to LMIC. For cervical cancer, scale-up of prevention efforts including vaccination and screening is underway, with benefits already apparent despite continuing high disease burden. For non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), curative treatment is possible in the ART era even in SSA, and multifaceted approaches can improve outcomes further. For many other prevalent HIVAM, care and research efforts are being established to guide treatment and prevention specifically in LMIC.SummarySustained investment for HIVAM in LMIC can help catalyze a cancer care and research agenda which benefits HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients worldwide.K01 TW009488/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/U54 CA190152/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/R25 TW009340/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/P20 CA210285/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/P30 CA016086/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/U2G PS001965/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHSUnited States/UM1 CA121947/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/U01 CA121947/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/R21 CA180815/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States
Enhancing Breast Cancer Early Detection in Malawi: A Mixed Methods Study to Understand Knowledge and Preferences
No full textBreast cancer is the most common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, and the number of new cases is increasing. Although early diagnosis is a vital factor for treatment outcomes, it is rare in resource-limited settings like Malawi. Currently there is insufficient evidence on how breast cancer knowledge among Malawians influences early detection. The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand knowledge, beliefs, and preferences related to breast cancer in Malawi. The first analysis entailed eliciting beliefs and perceptions related to breast cancer and cancer care to explore various factors influencing diagnosis and treatment initiation. Results from interviews with breast cancer patients indicated that individual, interpersonal, provider, and health system factors influenced access to care and led to long delays from when a woman noticed symptoms to when she inferred illness, decided to seek help, reached the health facility, and received care. The second analysis involved interviews with community women and health workers to identify factors influencing early detection behaviors and preferences. Based on the responses, we developed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to elicit women's preferences about early detection. Cognitive testing demonstrated the feasibility of administering a DCE in a low-literacy population where DCEs and early detection are uncommon. Finally, we conducted a survey among community women to assess knowledge, beliefs, and preferences related to breast cancer and early detection. Our results showed that less than half of the sample was aware of breast cancer. Misconceptions about causes were more commonly reported than established risk factors. The results from the DCE suggest future interventions should provide clinical breast exams and education in convenient settings. This dissertation provides a framework for understanding breast cancer delay in sub-Saharan Africa, identifies what women know about breast cancer, and indicates what women value about early detection interventions. Taken together, the findings can be used to tailor future cancer services and educational programs to meet local needs. Policy, practice, and future research should focus on training providers and educating the public about breast cancer signs and symptoms and also expanding access to clinical breast exams for symptomatic women to improve early detection and treatment outcomes.Doctor of Philosoph
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