610 research outputs found
Imperfect competition in the fresh tomato industry
No full textIn this paper, we analyse the market power of the retail industry in the French tomato market. Following the methods developed in the New Empirical Industrial Organization, we develop a structural model of this industry. The analysis is based on detailed data on final consumption and prices at both shipper and consumer levels for two types of tomatoes in France. The structural model is composed of a system of demand equations, supply equations and pricing equations which include terms which capture the oligopoly and oligopsony power of the retail sector. We show that i) elasticity of demand varies during the year ii) the retail sector exercise only a ‘moderate’ market power iii) the exercise of market power decreases over time iv) If markets were competitive, in the case of tomato ‘ronde’ retail price would decrease by about 1.2% to 4.5% depending on the year; v) In absence of market power, shipping price might be 6% to 24% higher than observed. We find higher distortions in the case of tomato ‘grappe’. We also find that the distortions tend to decrease over time. We conclude to a moderate exercise of market power of the retail sector in the French tomato market.Oligopoly, Oligopsony, Fresh products, Industrial Organization,
EPA error risked halving India's rice harvest
No full textMethane has attracted particular attention as a greenhouse gas, as once it is formed, mitigation strategies are not easy to devise. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated in 1990 that global methane emission is about 550 Tg (550 million tonnes) per annum, with about 110 Tg of this released from paddy cultivation. This estimate turned out to be wrong, but it could have had devastating consequences for the economy of India
ESR studies on complex centres in alkaline earth fluorides
No full textReserch works of the author during these 37 years in University of Electro-Communications arebriefly summerized. The main reserch themes were 1) ESR studies on local structures of transitionmetal ion complxses and 2) ITC studies on fluorine ion migrations in CaF2, SrF2, BaF2 and theirmixed crystals. Of which themes, the ESR reserches are reviewed here.departmental bulletin pape
The importance of pre-annealing treatment for ESR dating of mollusc shells: A key study for İsmil in Konya closed Basin/Turkey
No full textIn this study, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is used to determine the geological ages of fossil mollusc shells systematically collected from two different geological splitting at Ismil Location (37.72769 degrees N, 33.17781 degrees E) in eastern part of Konya. According to the assessment of obtained ESR ages, the importance of pre-annealing treatment emphasize in the case of g=2.0007 dating signal is overlapped with the other signals arisen from short lived radicals that cause the wrong age calculation. To overcome this problem, the samples are pre-annealed at 180 degrees C for 16 minutes and, in this case ESR ages are recalculated for g=1.9973 dating signal. Dose response curves are obtained using 1.9973 signals after pre-annealing treatments for each samples. ESR ages of samples are obtained in the range of 138 +/- 38 ka and 132 +/- 30 ka (Upper Pleistocene) according to the Early Uranium Uptake model and the results are in good agreement with the estimated ages from stratigraphic and paleontological correlation by geologists. Thus, it is suggested that especially in the case of g=2.0007 dating signal cannot been used due to superimposition case, the signal with 1.9973 g value can be used for dating after pre-annealing treatment. The results reports the first ESR ages on shells collected from Ismil Location and highlight the importance of pre-annealing treatment. This study is supported by TUBITAK 114Y237 research project
A novel bridge method for dielectric constant measurement in conducting liquids
No full textA modified bridge circuit is described, which is simple and free from errors due to the leakage inductance of the ratio transformer and the lead inductances. This method is suitable for measuring very small changes in capacitance in the presence of large changes in the shunt resistance
Position statement and best practice recommendations on the imaging use of ultrasound from the European Society of Radiology ultrasound subcommittee
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.This document summarises best practice recommendations for medical imaging use of ultrasound in Europe, representing the agreed consensus of experts from the Ultrasound Subcommittee of the European Society of Radiology (ESR), the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) Section of Radiology, and the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Recommendations are given for education and training, equipment and its maintenance, documentation, hygiene and infection prevention, and medico-legal issues.Peer reviewe
Heat-Capacity Measurements - Progress In Experimental-Techniques
No full textThe heat capacity of a substance is related to the structure and constitution of the material and its measurement is a standard technique of physical investigation. In this review, the classical methods are first analyzed briefly and their recent extensions are summarized. The merits and demerits of these methods are pointed out. The newer techniques such as the a.c. method, the relaxation method, the pulse methods, the laser flash calorimetry and other methods developed to extend the heat capacity measurements to newer classes of materials and to extreme conditions of sample geometry, pressure and temperature are comprehensively reviewed. Examples of recent work and details of the experimental systems are provided for each method. The introduction of automation in control systems for the monitoring of the experiments and for data processing is also discussed. Two hundred and eight references and 18 figures are used to illustrate the various techniques
Optical birefringence in a fluid near its critical point with stratification under gravity
No full textElectromagnetic wave propagation in an inhomogeneous medium is discussed in the context of light propagation in a fluid near its critical point, stratified under gravity.The system exhibits birefringence, where the transverse electrical and the transverse magnetic waves travel with different phase-velocities, depending upon the d.-gradients with height set up in the system. The possibility of experiment detecting the predicted phenomenon is also discussed
Thermally induced transformations in GexAsyTe100-x-y glasses
No full textChalcogenide glasses with compositions Ge7.5AsyTe92.5-y (y = 20, 40, 45, 47.5, 50, 52.5, 55) and Ge10AsyTe90-y (y = 15, 20, 22.5, 35, 40, 45, 50) have been prepared by the melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of these glasses has been confirmed by X-ray powder diffractometry. The thermal stability of these glasses has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The compositional dependence of the glass transition temperature, T(g), the crystallization temperatures, T(c1) and T(c2), and the melting temperature, T(m), are reported. The glass-forming tendency, K(gl), and the activation energy of crystallization, E, are calculated. The activation energy decreases with increasing tellurium content for both sets of glasses
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