1,720,956 research outputs found
Cranial Base Height as an Indicator of Developmental Stress in Native Mexican and American-Born Mexican Populations
No full textCranial base height, much like stature, has been used as an indicator of developmental stress in human populations since J. Lawrence Angel first proposed the idea in 1976. Previous research on the cranial base has involved the study of secular change in historic populations, but it has not often been used to explore differences in developmental stress in modern populations. Current views of Mexican migrants often hold that this population is impoverished, malnourished, and under a high disease load during growth and development. The present research allows for an empirical analysis of this viewpoint by comparing the height of the cranial base in a Mexican-born population (n=137) from the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner and Xoclan and Zimapán documented collections, and an American-born population of Mexican descent (n=16) from the Texas State University Donated Skeletal Collection and the University of New Mexico Documented Skeletal Collection. Landmark data were collected using a Microscribe® G2 3D digitizer and 3Skull software. Data were analyzed with an ANOVA in Excel, using the Real Statistics Add-in. Males and females were analyzed separately in order to control for size differences associated with sex. Cranial base height was not significantly different in females (p=0.1238), but significant in males (p=0.03541). These findings indicate that the levels of developmental stress in American-born Mexicans and native Mexicans are not drastically different for females, but are different for males. This result has broader social implications for understanding the environments from which migrants leave and those to which they migrate.Anthropolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
INVESTIGATING BIOLOGICAL DISTANCE AND SKELETAL STRESS IN A LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY MEDIEVAL TUSCAN TOWN
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Anthropology - Doctor of Philosophy, 2025The Late Antique and Early Medieval eras in the Mediterranean (5th-10th centuries AD) were an extremely turbulent time. In the centuries following the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476 AD), Italy experienced the Gothic War, the plague of Justinian, the Lombard invasion, the rise of the Carolingian dynasty, and the spread of Christianity. The nature of this transitional period has garnered considerable debate in archaeological and historical literature, resulting in some scholars advocating for a \u201cDark Age\u201d of isolation, disease, and cultural stagnation, while others have suggested these eras were marked by adaptation, interconnectivity, and resilience. Notably, there has been relatively little focus on the ways in which bioarchaeology can contribute to this conversation. At present, no studies have used a diachronic, intracemetery analysis with paleopathological and biological distance (biodistance) approaches to understand the effects of this time period on the residents of Tuscany, Italy.In order to address these scholarly gaps, this dissertation focuses on the site of Rusellae (Tuscany, Italy) and its cemetery, which was in use between the 6th and 12th centuries AD. The present study focuses on a sample of 160 adults excavated in a collaboration between the Art and Archaeology Museum of the Maremma and the Archaeological Superintendence of Tuscany between 1987 and 1991. The burials comprise individuals from two archaeologically-defined phases: Phase I (6th-7th centuries AD) and Phase II (8th-12th centuries AD). The primary foci of this study are: an examination of biological distance within Rusellae and among Rusellae and contemporary sites using craniometrics; a craniometric population affinity analysis within Rusellae; an exploration of craniometric variation over time; and the frequency of skeletal stress indicators (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal reaction, and linear enamel hypoplasias) between cemetery phases and population affinities.The results showed that, despite exhibiting an overall greater affinity with contemporary European samples than African references, Rusellae was a biologically heterogeneous site comprising several craniofacially distinct groups. Further, the presence of several individuals consistent with African affinity was preliminarily attested at the site. Notably, when compared with individuals showing greater European affinity, the individuals with a greater affinity to African reference samples showed no significant difference in frequencies of the skeletal stress markers analyzed, with the exception of linear enamel hypoplasia of the maxillary central incisor. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in either skeletal stress indicators or cranial measurements between the earlier and later phases of the cemetery.Broadly, these results suggest genetic continuity between Rusellae and other European populations, but not to the exclusion of some contribution from the African continent. These findings are consistent with continued circum-Mediterranean trade and migration, including exchange between Tuscany and North Africa, during this period. Additionally, the lack of diachronic change in skeletal stress indicators and craniometrics suggests a degree of biological, ecological, environmental, and psychosocial stability throughout Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages at Rusellae. Further, the findings indicate a generally similar experience between affinities, at least with respect to the stress indicators analyzed, possibly due to a social structure that prioritized religious cohesion over ancestral divisions. Thus, the totality of the evidence supports a view of the transitional period between the 6th and 12th centuries, not as a \u201cDark Age\u201d characterized by collapse, but as an era of continuity, connectivity, and resilience for Rusellae.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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