311,127 research outputs found
Norris Goodwin ex librise
No full texthttp://www.lib.unideb.huDebreceni Egyetem Egyetemi és Nemzeti KönyvtárVegyipari gyártelep látképe, a bal oldali épület felirata: "Goodwin Chemical Company" (Goodwin-féle Vegyipari Társaság). A háttérben gőzfelhő. Alul felirat: Norris Goodwin 1924. A hátoldalon kézzel írva a következő szerepel: "E. Goodwin".metsze
A horn of contention: an analysis of the viability of a legalised trade in rhino horn
No full textIncludes bibliographical referencesTrade in rhino horn is currently banned in terms of CITES, however the last few years have seen the establishment of an illegal trade which supplies the growing demand for rhino horn through poaching. As a result, a rhino poaching crisis has developed in South Africa, this dissertation will seek to analyse the theories for and against the legalisation of trade as a method to address said crisis. In addition to considering whether the legalisation of trade is the most viable option, this paper will explore how one would go about lifting the trade ban. The latter will involve looking at the proposal for trade to be submitted, as well as what such a trade might look like if such a proposal is successful
Ciclos de crescimento Goodwiniano com flexibilização da razão capital-produto: uma abordagem computacional baseada em agentes
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Florianópolis, 2012Buscar as causas geradoras dos ciclos econômicos apresentado pelos países desenvolvidos ao longo do século XX é um tema recorrente de estudo para muitos economistas. Richard M. Goodwin apresenta em seu seminal artigo, "A Growth Cycle" (1967), um modelo de crescimento econômico endógeno, onde a interação entre distribuição de renda e acumulação de capital gera flutuações macroeconômicas recorrentes que não depende da presença contínua de choques exógenos. Partindo de uma versão computacional baseada em agentes deste modelo proposta por Silveira (2012), o presente estudo avalia a existência de ciclos goodwinianos em um modelo, em que as barganhas salariais entre firmas e sindicatos ocorrem de maneira descentralizada e a premissa de constante razão capital-produto, presente no modelo original de Goodwin é relaxada. Este estudo encontrou resultados similares aos apresentados no modelo macrodinâmico de Goodwin
Ausserlesene medicinalische Artzeney Themata von den wunderseltzamen Zufällen, Schwachheiten, Affecten, unnd darauff folgenden bewerten Cur der Pennäler und Beanen, Ertzpennäler unnd Ertzbeanen, Pennälicher und Beanicher und allerhand gehörnten Rappschnäbel
No full textfürgetragen von dem oberexcellenten und ausserlesenen Herrn Präsidenten, Herrn Cornelio Horrn von Hornungen Medico unnd königlichen Wund, und Leibarzt der Pennäler, darauff wirdt antworten Cariolinus Tevetio CrusenasTitelvignetteVerfassername und Erscheinungsvermerk fingiertBogensignaturen: A-D
Pseudo-Goodwin cycles in a Minsky model
No full text© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved. Goodwin cycles result from the dynamic interaction between a profit-led demand regime and a reserve army effect in income distribution. The paper proposes the concept of a pseudo-Goodwin cycle. We define this as a counter-clockwise movement in output and wage share space which is not generated by the usual Goodwin mechanism. In particular, it does not depend on a profit-led demand regime. As a demonstration, a simple Minsky model is extended by adding a reserve army distribution mechanism such that the wage share responds positively to output. In the extended Minsky model, cycles are generated purely through the interaction between financial fragility and demand. In a first step we assume no feedback from income distribution to demand. We demonstrate that the model generates a pseudo- Goodwin cycle in output-wage share space. In a second step, we show that the result continues to hold even if a wage-led demand regime is introduced, although this can introduce instability. Our models demonstrate that the existence of a counter- clockwise movement of output and the wage share cannot be regarded as proof of the existence of a Goodwin cycle and a profit-led demand regime
Gravity reception in crickets: the influence of cereal and antennal afferences on the head position
No full textHorn E, Bischof H-J. Gravity reception in crickets: the influence of cereal and antennal afferences on the head position. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. 1983;150(1):93-98.In the cricket,Gryllus bimaculatus, compensatory head movements are elicited by cereal and antennal receptors when the animals are rotated around their longitudinal axis. The cereal afferences originate in the club-shaped sensilla, whereas the antennal ones probably arise in receptors measuring displacements of the flagellum at the joint between scapus and pedicellus. The clubshaped cereal sensilla are true gravity receptors different from the proprioceptive gravity receptor systems characteristic of most insects
Horse behaviour: evolution, domestication and feralisation
No full textContents1. Horse Behaviour: Evolution, Domestication and Feralisation; D. Goodwin. 2. Clinical Problems Associated with the Intensive Management of Performance Horses; R.A. Casey. 3. Nutrition and Welfare; N. Davidson, P. Harris. 4. Housing, Management and Welfare; D.S. Mills, A. Clarke. 5. Stereotype Behaviour in the Stabled Horse: Causes, Effects and Prevention Without; J. Cooper, P. McGreevy. 6. The Effects of Transportation on the Welfare of Horses; N. Waran, et al. 7. Training Methods and Horse Welfare; N. Waran, et al. 8. Welfare of the Racehorse during Exercise Training and Racing; D.L. Evans. 9. Specific Welfare Problems Associated with Working Horses; R.T. Wilson
Goodwin or Kalecki in Demand? Functional Income Distribution and Aggregate Demand in the Short Run
No full textIn a seminal paper on Marxian business cycle theory, Richard Goodwin (1967) presented a model which assumed that a higher wage share leads to lower investment and thus a general economic slowdown. In contrast, Michal Kalecki (1971) argued that a higher wage share would have an expansionary effect because the consumption propensity out of wage income is higher than that out of profit income. Based on a general model that allows for wage-led as well as profit-led demand regimes, this paper estimates the effects of a change in the wage share on aggregate private domestic demand with quarterly data for 12 OECD countries.functional income distribution, demand, Goodwin cycle, Kalecki, Post Keynesian economics, Marxian economics
Extração de esforço de trabalho e diferenciais de salários em um ambiente macrodinâmico clássico
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa. Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Florianópolis, 2015Flutuações recorrentes dos níveis de atividade econômica, diferenciais de salários inter e intraindústrias e endogeneidade do esforço do trabalho com relação aos salários são fatos bem documentados pela literatura empírica em economia. Goodwin (1967) apresenta um modelo agregado real e não-linear de crescimento econômico que é capaz de gerar flutuações endógenas recorrentes. No entanto, este trabalho pressupõe que o salário real da economia é homogêneo entre os trabalhadores e a produtividade do trabalho cresce a uma taxa constante e exogenamente determinada. A endogeneidade do esforço do trabalho é incorporada ao modelo de Goodwin por Choi (1995), com a adoção da hipótese de salário-eficiência. Entretanto, o modelo de Choi (1995) conclui que a existência de ciclos de crescimento estáveis no modelo de Goodwin com a hipótese de salário-eficiência demanda, necessariamente, que a relação entre esforço do trabalho e salário real seja inversa, relação que contradiz uma parte considerável da literatura experimental e empírica sobre endogeneidade do esforço do trabalho. Ademais, Choi (1995) conclui ainda que para valores economicamente significativos da elasticidade do esforço do trabalho com relação ao salário (entre 0 e 1), ciclos de crescimento são impossíveis. A existência e persistência de heterogeneidade de salários em uma macrodinâmica clássica à la Goodwin pode ser verificada no trabalho de Silveira (2012), que propõe um modelo de ciclos de crescimento goodwinianos, sob a perspectiva da complexidade, com desagregação do mercado de trabalho. No entanto, no modelo proposto em Silveira (2012) a produtividade do trabalho é homogênea, ou seja, não depende nem dos salários nem do diferencial de salários. Este trabalho assume o modelo de Silveira (2012) como referência e tem como objetivo propor um modelo econômico computacional baseado em agentes de uma macrodinâmica clássica do tipo Goodwin com endogeneidade do nível de esforço e heterogeneidade de salários. Diferentemente da conclusão de Choi (1995), o modelo com endogeneidade do esforço é capaz de gerar flutuações endógenas recorrentes em torno de médias de longo prazo constantes quando a elasticidade do esforço com relação ao diferencial de salários possui valores economicamente significativos. Além disso, o modelo é capaz de gerar propriedades macroeconômicas emergentes em termos de médias de longo prazo da taxa de emprego e participação do salário na renda em parte compatíveis com o previsto originalmente por Goodwin (1967). Os parâmetros da função esforço inserida na macrodinâmica clássica influenciam as médias de longo prazo das variáveis de estado do modelo, no entanto, parecem ter influências apenas distributivas, deixando a média de longo prazo da taxa de emprego invariante. Ademais, o modelo proposto é utilizado para explicar as variações dos componentes cíclicos das séries temporais empíricas das variáveis taxa de emprego e participação do salário na renda. O modelo é ajustado para dados anuais da economia norte-americana no período 1948-2002. Percebe-se que as características de longo prazo, médias da taxa de emprego e participação do salário na renda, geradas pelo modelo são consistentemente e consideravelmente mais baixas que as empíricas. Além disso, o grau de ajuste do modelo proposto às características cíclicas das séries empíricas é baixo. No entanto, cabe ressaltar a simplicidade do modelo proposto.Abstract : Recurrent fluctuations of economic activity, inter and intra-industries wage differentials and endogeneity effort of work with respect to wages are well documented facts by the empirical literature in economics. Goodwin (1967) presents a real nonlinear aggregate model of economic growth capable to generate recurrent endogenous fluctuations. However, his model assumes that the real wage is homogeneous among workers and the productivity of work grows at a constant and exogenous rate. The endogeneity of work effort is incorporated into Goodwin's model by Choi (1995), assuming the efficiency-wage hypothesis. However, Choi's concludes that the existence of stable growth cycles in Goodwin's model under efficiency-wage hypothesis demands, necessarily, that the relation between work effort and real wages to be inverse, which contradicts a considerable part of the experimental and empirical literature on the endogeneity of work effort. In addition, Choi (1995) concludes that for economically significant values of effort-wage elasticity (between 0 and 1), growth cycles are impossible. The existence and persistence of wage heterogeneity in a classical macrodynamic Goodwin's like can be ovserved in the work of Silveira (2012), who proposes a model of goodwinian growth cycles, under the complexity approach, with disaggregated labor market. However, in Silveira's model the productivity of workers is homogeneous, i.e., depends neither on wages nor wage differentials. This work takes the model of Silveira (2012) as benchmark and aims to propose a computational agent-based economic model of a Goodwin-like classical macrodynamic with wage heterogeneity and endogeneity of work effort with respect to the wage differentials. Unlike Choi's conclusion, the model with endogenous effort is capable to generate recurrent endogenous fluctuations around constant long run averages when the effort-wage differentials elasticity has economically significant values. In addition, the model also generates emergent macroeconomic properties in terms of long run averages of employment rate and wage share that are, in part, consistend with the originally predicted by Goodwin's model. The parameters of the effort-function included in the classical macrodynamic influence the long-run averages of the state variables of the model, however, they seem to have only distributive effects, while the long-run average of employment rate remains invariant. Moreover, the proposed model is used to explain the variations of the cyclical components of the annual time series of the employment rate and wage share of the US economy in the period 1948-2002. It is noticed that the long-run characteristics, employment rate and wage share averages, generated by the model are consistently and significantly lower than the empirical. Furthermore, the adjustement of the proposed model to the cyclical characteristics of the empirical series is low. However, it should be noted the starkly simplicity of the proposed model
Development of GABAergic and glycinergic transmission in the neonatal rat dorsal horn
No full textCutaneous spinal sensory transmission appears to lack inhibitory control in the newborn spinal cord, but the properties of GABAergic and glycinergic synapses in the neonatal dorsal horn have not been characterized. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from rat superficial dorsal horn neurons in spinal cord slices at postnatal day 0 (P0) to P2, P6 - P7, and P13 - P14 revealed an age-dependent increase in the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs, which were abolished by the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) antagonist bicuculline between P0 and P7 but not at P14. GABA(A)R-mediated miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs), but not glycinergic mIPSCs, were present at birth, and GABA mIPSCs remained more frequent than glycine mIPSCs at all ages. Sciatic nerve stimulation resulted in IPSCs with both GABAergic and glycinergic components, although a larger contribution arose from GABAA receptors at all ages. In gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings, exogenous GABA applications produced depolarization in 40% of neurons at P0 - P2, but the reversal potential of GABA-evoked currents (E-GABA) was consistently more negative than action potential threshold at this age. By P6 - P7, GABA evoked only membrane hyperpolarization. The GABA(B)R agonist baclofen elicited an outward current in all neurons with peak amplitudes observed by P6 - P7 and abolished sciatic nerve-evoked monosynaptic glutamatergic EPSCs in all groups. The results show considerable postnatal development of inhibitory processing in the dorsal horn with GABAergic mechanisms initially dominant over glycinergic events. GABA(A)R-mediated depolarizations during the first postnatal week are likely to be important for the maturation of spinal networks but do not provide a major excitatory drive to the newborn dorsal horn
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