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Investigation par la technique améliorée d’analyse d’incident critique des perceptions des filles au sujet de la connexion prosociale dans le cadre d’un programme global
Get PDFWomen and girls are being implicated in gang-related operations at alarming rates. Anti-social gang behaviours such as drug trafficking, sexual exploitation, gun violence, and street entrenchment are of particular concern. British Columbia has seen a rise in gang-associated violence and homicide directed at or involving women over the last decade. Positive youth development initiatives such as the one in this study aim to support youth currently involved in or at risk of being involved in gangs. School personnel identify students who are exposed to anti-social gang behaviours and refer them to a wraparound program where they are matched with an adult mentor who works with them and their families to facilitate prosocial connections to five life domains: (a) school, (b) community, (c) home, (d) prosocial peers, and (e) the self. A 2012 evaluation report determined the program to be effective in reaching its objectives with a predominantly male population (84%). However, between 2015 and 2016, the program dramatically increased its responsiveness to girls, with a nearly 50% increase in female referrals. Using the enhanced critical incident technique (ECIT), the purpose of the study was to describe how female-identifying students articulate “prosocial connectedness” within the context of their experiences in a school-based wraparound gang prevention program. Critical incidents were collected by the first author, who interviewed eight girls and asked them the following: “What has helped/hindered/would have better helped facilitate your prosocial connectedness?” Findings were organized into 34 categories. ECIT analyses point to the effectiveness of using a relational/attachment model to inform strategies for gang prevention and school-based intervention in female youth.Les femmes et les jeunes filles sont de plus en plus impliquées dans des activités liées aux gangs. Des comportements antisociaux de gangs comme le trafic de drogue, l’exploitation sexuelle, la violence par les armes, et l’itinérance sont devenus des préoccupations majeures. Au cours de la dernière décennie, on a vu en Colombie-Britannique une recrudescence de la violence des gangs et des homicides à l’endroit des femmes ou les impliquant. Les initiatives de développement positif des jeunes, comme celle qui est décrite dans cet article, visent à venir en aide aux jeunes susceptibles de se joindre à des gangs et qui y sont déjà intégrés. Les membres du personnel dans les écoles identifient les étudiantes et les étudiants les plus exposés aux comportements antisociaux des gangs et les dirigent vers un programme global dans lequel ils peuvent être jumelés à un ou une mentor adulte qui travaille avec le jeune et sa famille en vue de susciter les liens sociaux dans cinq domaines : (a) l’école, (b) la collectivité, (c) la maison, (d) les pairs prosociaux, et (e) le soi. Selon un rapport d’évaluation publié en 2012, le programme semble réussir à atteindre ses objectifs auprès d’une population à prédominance masculine (84 %). Cependant, entre 2015 et 2016, le programme a sensiblement accru ses interventions auprès des filles, soit un accroissement de près de 50 % des prises en charge de femmes. En misant sur la technique améliorée de l’analyse d’incident critique, l’étude avait pour but de décrire de quelle façon les personnes étudiantes s’identifiant de sexe féminin concevaient la « connexion prosociale » dans le contexte de leurs expériences dans le cadre d’un programme global en milieu scolaire de prévention des gangs. Les incidents critiques ont été recueillis par la première auteure qui interviewa huit filles et leur posa la question suivante : « Qu’est-ce qui a contribué ou nui ou aurait pu contribuer à faciliter votre connexion prosociale? » Les résultats furent regroupés sous 34 catégories. La technique améliorée d’analyse d’incident critique semble indiquer l’efficacité de recourir au modèle relationnel ou d’attachement pour élaborer des stratégies de prévention des gangs et effectuer des interventions en milieu scolaire à l’intention des jeunes filles
Gibinenimidizomin : critical incident study of aboriginal identity attainment
No full textThis study explores the facilitation and hindrance of Aboriginal identity attainment. The purpose of this study is to develop a reasonable comprehensive scheme of categories that will describe what facilitates and hinders Aboriginal identity attainment. The research method involved conducting interviews with twelve individual participants, which revealed 138 critical incidents. The 114 critical incidents that helped participants in their Aboriginal identity attainment were placed into twelve categories. The 24 critical incidents that hindered participants in their Aboriginal identity attainment were placed into three categories. The helping categories are: participating in a cultural event/gathering, participating within a group of Aboriginal people, changing self perception, connecting with family, attending a cultural event/gathering, helping other Aboriginal people, being influenced by a grandparent, spiritual experience, verbalizing your experiences as an Aboriginal person, obtaining support from parents, experiencing positive images of Aboriginal people. The hindering categories are: living with separation from Aboriginal people/culture, experiencing racism/prejudice, experiencing negative images of Aboriginal people.Education, Faculty ofEducational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department ofGraduat
In and out of Aboriginal gang life : perspectives of Aboriginal ex-gang members
No full textThis research project generated a categorical scheme to describe the facilitation of gang entry and exit for Aboriginal ex-gang members using the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954; Woolsey, 1986) as a method of qualitative data analysis. Former gang members responded to the questions: (a) What facilitated gang entry for you? (b) What facilitated gang exit for you? Participants provided 103 and 136 critical incidents which were categorized into two separate category schemes each containing 13 different categories. The 13 categories for gang entry were; engaging in physical violence, proving one’s worth, hanging around delinquent activity, family involved in gangs and following a family pattern; going to prison, gang becoming family and support system, looking up to gang members and admiring gang lifestyle, becoming dependant on gang, experiencing unsafe or unsupportive parenting practices, gaining respect by rank increase, reacting to authority, caught in a cycle of fear, and partying. The 13 categories for gang exit were; working in the legal workforce, accepting support from family or girlfriend, helping others stay out of or move away from gang life, not wanting to go back to jail, accepting responsibility for family, accepting guidance and protection, participating in ceremony, avoiding alcohol, publically expressing that you are out of the gang, wanting legitimate relationships outside gang life, experiencing a native brotherhood, stopping self from reacting like a gangster, and acknowledging the drawbacks of gang violence. Diverse methods of checking trustworthiness and credibility were applied to these category schemes, and it was found that both category schemes can be used confidently.Education, Faculty ofEducational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department ofGraduat
Giibinenimidizomin : La possession de soi—Incidents critiques dans l’atteinte d’une identité autochtone
Get PDFThis research explored the facilitation and hindrance of Aboriginal identity attainment and developed a scheme of categories to describe what facilitates and hinders cultural identity among Canadian Aboriginal adults living in British Columbia. Twelve individuals, interviewed using the critical incident technique, were asked to describe observable events that they thought had significantly helped or hindered their Aboriginal identity. In total, 114 helping incidents and 24 hindering incidents were identified. Helping incidents were placed into 12 categories (Participating in a Cultural Gathering, Participating in a Group of Aboriginal People, Connecting with Family, Changing Self-Perception, Helping Other Aboriginal People, Verbalizing Experiences as an Aboriginal Person, Spiritual Experience, Getting Support from Parents, Attending a Cultural Gathering, Being Influenced by a Grandparent, Personal Accomplishment, and Experiencing Positive Representations of Aboriginals). Hindering incidents were placed into 3 categories (Living with Separation from Aboriginal Peoples/Culture, Experiencing Racism and Prejudice, and Experiencing Negative Portrayals of Aboriginals). Ad hoc analyses supported the trustworthiness of the proposed categorical system. The results support the perspective of the dominant literature, while suggesting future directions for research and practice in multicultural counselling with respect to Aboriginal cultural identity.Cette recherche a explor้ ce qui facilite et entrave la r้alisation d’une identit้ autochtone et a d้velopp้ un syst่me de cat้gories d้crivant ce qui facilite et entrave l’identit้ culturelle chez les Canadiens adultes autochtones vivant en Colombie-Britannique. Douze personnes ont ้t้ interview้es en utilisant la technique des incidents critiques et ont ้t้ invit้es เ d้crire les ้v้nements observables qui, เ leur avis, ont significativement facilit้ ou entrav้ la r้alisation de leur identit้ autochtone. Au total, il y a eu 114 incidents facilitant et 24 incidents entravant. Les incidents facilitant ont ้t้ mis dans 12 cat้gories : participation เ un rassemblement culturel, participation เ un groupe d’Autochtones, liens avec la famille, changement d’auto-perception, aide aux autres personnes autochtones, verbalisation des exp้riences en tant que personne autochtone, exp้rience spirituelle, soutien des parents, assistance เ une rencontre culturelle, influence d’un grand-parent, accomplissement personnel, et repr้sentations positives d’Autochtones. Les incidents constituant des entraves ont ้t้ mis dans 3 cat้gories : vivre s้par้ des peuples et culture autochtones, subir le racisme et les pr้jug้s, et vivre les repr้sentations n้gatives des Autochtones. Des analyses ponctuelles soutiennent la fiabilit้ du syst่me de cat้gories propos้. Les r้sultats confirment la perspective de la litt้rature dominante, tout en sugg้rant des orientations futures pour la recherche et la pratique dans le counseling multiculturel เ l’้gard de l’identit้ culturelle des Autochtones
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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