1,721,031 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: established cardiovascular disease<SUP>1</SUP>
No full textPhysical activity is an effective lifestyle therapy for patients at risk for, or with, documented cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current screening tools - the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and the Physical Activity Readiness Medical Evaluation (PARmed-X) - require updating to align with risk/benefit evidence. We provide evidence-based recommendations to identify individuals with CVD at lower risk, intermediate risk, or higher risk of adverse events when participating in physical activity. Forms of exercise and the settings that will appropriately manage the risks are identified. A computer-assisted search of electronic databases, using search terms for CVD and physical activity risks and benefits, was employed. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation were applied to assess the evidence and assign a strength of evidence rating. A strength rating for the physical activity participation clearance recommendation was assigned on the basis of the evidence. Recommendations for physical activity clearance were made for specific CVD groups. Evidence indicates that those who are medically stable, who are involved with physical activity, and who have adequate physical ability can participate in physical activity of lower to moderate risk. Patients at higher risk can exercise in medically supervised programs. Systematic evaluation of evidence indicates that clinically stable individuals with CVD may participate in physical activity with little risk of adverse events. Therefore, changes in the PAR-Q should be undertaken and a process of assessment and consultation to replace the PARmed-X should be developed. Patients at lower risk may exercise at low to moderate intensities with minimal supervision. Those at intermediate risk should exercise with guidance from a qualified exercise professional. Patients at higher risk should exercise in medically supervised programs. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
Abstract (French):
La pratique de l'activité physique est un mode de vie à caractère thérapeutique pour les patients à risque ou diagnostiqués d'une maladie cardiovasculaire (CVD). Les outils de dépistage actuels (Q-AAP et X-AAP) requièrent une mise à jour sur le plan des risques et des bénéfices. Cet article présente des recommandations basées sur des données probantes pour classer les individus présentant une CVD en fonction du risque d'événements indésirables associés à la pratique de l'activité physique : faible, modéré ou élevé. Les types d'exercice physique et les milieux de pratique sont pris en considération. On effectue une recherche dans les bases de données électroniques au moyen des mots clés suivants : CVD, activité physique, risques, bénéfices. On utilise la grille AGREE (AGREE Collaboration 2001; AGREE Collaboration 2003) pour évaluer la rigueur scientifique et lui donner une cote. Selon les observations probantes, on assigne aussi une cote à la recommandation en matière de pratique de l'activité physique. On formule des recommandations en matière de pratique de l'activité physique à l'intention des groupes spécifiques de CVD. D'après les observations probantes, les patients qui sont médicalement stables et engagés dans la pratique de l'activité physique en plus d'être dotés d'une aptitude physique suffisante peuvent s'adonner à l'activité physique en situation de risque faible à modéré. Les patients à risque élevé peuvent s'adonner à la pratique de l'activité physique dans des programmes avec supervision médicale. L'évaluation systématique des données probantes révèle que les patients souffrant de CVD, mais dont l'état est stable peuvent s'adonner à l'activité physique, et ce, avec peu de risque d'événements indésirables. On devrait donc modifier le Q-AAP en conséquence et réévaluer après consultation le X-AAP. Les patients à risque faible peuvent s'adonner à l'activité physique d'intensité légère à modérée avec un minimum de supervision. Les patients à risque modéré peuvent s'adonner à la pratique de l'activité physique sous la supervision d'un professionnel de l'exercice certifié. Les patients à haut risque peuvent s'adonner à la pratique de l'activité physique dans des programmes avec supervision médicale. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORSource type: Electronic(1
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for exercise testing and physical activity clearance in apparently healthy individuals
No full textL'augmentation de la pratique de l'activité physique (PA) est associée à une meilleure santé et à une meilleure qualité de vie chez les gens en général. On observe une relation dose-réponse entre l'augmentation de la pratique de la PA et la diminution du risque relatif de maladie cardiovasculaire et de mortalité, toutes causes confondues. En revanche, les études démontrent que la PA augmente significativement dans l'immédiat le risque de trouble cardiovasculaire (CV) et de mort subite d'origine cardiaque (SCD) comparativement à ce qu'on prévoit au repos. Les troubles CV associés à la pratique de l'activité physique sont probablement déclenchés par le stress physiologique associé à l'effort. Cet article présente le bilan des études sur les risques CV des tests d'effort et de la pratique de l'activité physique chez des personnes asymptomatiques. L'analyse documentaire systématique est réalisée dans les bases de données suivantes : Medline, CINAHL, SPORT discus, EMBASE, Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club et DARE. D'autres articles localisés manuellement sont ajoutés à l'ensemble. Afin d'évaluer l'impact et la qualité des articles, on en fait l'analyse au moyen de la grille AGREE. Des 616 articles pertinents analysés, 51 présentent des troubles CV associés à l'effort physique. D'après les données obtenues, le risque d'accident fatal ou non au cours d'une épreuve d'effort maximal chez des personnes asymptomatiques est minime; il est inférieur à environ 0,8/10 000 tests, soit 1/10 000 h d'évaluation. L'incidence des troubles CV au cours de la pratique de divers types d'activité physique d'intensités variées est très faible; en fait, on ne rapporte essentiellement que les événements CV fatals, car les incidents non fatals sont très peu rapportés. Néanmoins, le risque diminue de 25 % à 50 % chez les personnes ayant un vécu en matière de PA d'intensité élevée, activité physique particulièrement vigoureuse. Même sur une tranche d'âge élargie, le risque de SCD et d'incidents non fatals au cours d'une activité physique est extrêmement faible (bien inférieur à 0,01/10 000 heures de participation); le risque augmente néanmoins avec l'âge et l'intensité de l'activité physique. Dans la plupart des cas de SCD associée à l'exercice physique, on note la présence d'une maladie présente avant l'incident, mais qui n'était pas diagnostiquée; la SCD est dès lors le premier accident clinique. Le risque de troubles CV au cours d'un test à l'effort et au cours de la pratique d'une activité physique est rare et les bénéfices sur le plan de la santé sont nettement supérieurs. Du fait de cette relation entre le risque et les bénéfices, on devrait se servir du Q-AAP pour dépister les individus à haut risque sur une large tranche d'âge; de plus, on devrait l'utiliser de concert avec les recommandations pour la pratique clinique à l'intention des individus augmentant graduellement leur effort physique. Il n'y a pas de données appropriées pour décrire les risques associés à l'activité physique chez les personnes considérées à haut risque, mais sans présence d'une maladie cardiovasculaire. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
English:
Increased physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health and quality of life in the general population. A dose-response effect is evident between increasing levels of PA participation and a lower relative risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. However, there is also clear evidence that PA acutely increases the risk of an adverse cardiovascular (CV) event and sudden cardiac death (SCD) significantly above levels expected at rest. Adverse CV events during PA may be triggered acutely by the physiological stress of exercise. This investigation will review the available literature describing the CV risks of exercise testing and PA participation in apparently healthy individuals. A systematic review of the literature was performed using electronic databases, including Medline, CINAHL, SPORT discus, EMBASE, Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, and DARE; additional relevant articles were hand-picked and the final grouping was used for the review using the AGREE process to assess the impact and quality of the selected articles. Six hundred and sixteen relevant articles were reviewed with 51 being identified as describing adverse CV events during exercise and PA. Data suggests the risks of fatal and nonfatal events during maximal exercise testing in apparently healthy individuals rarely occur (approximately <0.8 per 10 000 tests or 1 per 10 000 h of testing). The incidence of adverse CV events is extremely low during PA of varying types and intensities, with data limited almost exclusively to fatal CV events, as nonfatal events are rarely reported. However, this risk is reduced by 25%-50% in those individuals who have prior experience with increased levels of PA, particularly vigorous PA. Throughout a wide age range, the risk of SCD and nonfatal events during PA remain extremely low (well below 0.01 per 10 000 participant hours), but both increasing age and PA intensity are associated with greater risk. In most cases of exercise-related SCD, undetected pre-existing disease is present and SCD is typically the first clinical event. The risks of an adverse CV event during exercise testing and PA are rare and are outweighed by the health benefits. Given this risk-benefit relationship, the PAR-Q is an appropriate method to identify those at higher risk across a wide age span and should be used in conjunction with appropriate clinical guidelines for guiding individuals towards graduated PA. There are not adequate data to describe the risks of PA in those individuals considered to be at higher risk but without cardiovascular diseas
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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