589 research outputs found
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
Hydrogen from Radiolysis of Aqueous Fluid Inclusions during Diagenesis
No full textAcknowledgments We are grateful to J. Bowie and J. Still for skilled technical support and the staff at ICL-UK’s Boulby mine (especially Thomas Edwards), STFC’s Boulby underground Laboratory and the UK Centre for Astrobiology MINAR programme team (especially Sean Paling) for their support and supervised access to the site. The critical comments of two reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. Author Contributions John Parnell undertook the sampling. Nigel Blamey performed all analytical work. John Parnell wrote the manuscript.Peer reviewe
L’assurance-vie face aux nouveaux instruments financiers et à la déréglementation
No full textDeregulation is the outcome of the unification of the industry throughout Europe. Insurance companies have been slow to react to
the sweeping change we are witnessing. This is partly owing to the
legislation in force in each of the member countries. But, with the
emergence of a single European market, the situation is beginning to
change.
According to the author, Nigel J. Sedgewick, insurers, while
remaining competitive, should adopt a more offensive stance by not
only gaining more control over general expenses, but also by
broadening their range of products to include caps, floors, swaps
and others
Understanding the potential mechanisms of action of dietary prostate carcinogens
No full textProstate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males in the UK, and
while the precise aetiology of prostate cancer remains unknown, risk factors such as age
and lifestyle have been identified. Consumption of a ‘western’ diet rich in well-done red meat
has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer, due to the appreciable amounts
of carcinogenic material found in these foods. Two common dietary carcinogens are
benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), both of
which have been identified as possible prostate mutagens. Another possible risk factor for
prostate cancer is inflammation (a common condition in the prostate), specifically interleukin-
6 (IL-6) which is found elevated in the serum of prostate cancer patients. The underlying
mechanisms behind the influence of dietary carcinogens and inflammation on the
development of prostate cancer remain elusive, with limited knowledge about how
inflammation may alter the modes of action of dietary carcinogens in the prostate. I
hypothesised that IL-6 may alter the activation of B[a]P and PhIP, resulting in phenotypic
alterations to prostate cells that are associated with cancer development. Using an in vitro,
cell culture based model, the current project reported findings that both B[a]P and PhIP
induce alterations in prostate cell migration while demonstrating genotoxic potential.
Moreover, mixtures of B[a]P and PhIP induced significantly more genetic damage than either
chemical in isolation, suggesting that interplay during simultaneous exposure in vivo may
result in higher levels of DNA damage in the prostate. Further, PhIP-induced genotoxicity
appeared to be a result of cytochrome P450-mediated production of reactive oxygen
species. Finally, my data indicate that IL-6 increases B[a]P-mediated genetic damage,
suggesting that activation of B[a]P in prostate cells may be altered by inflammatory cytokines
such as IL-6, but more work is needed in order to verify this interaction. These novel findings
must be explored in greater depth in order to fully understand how these factors interact in
the prostate.Open Acces
A standing ovation for Nigel: An informal study
No full textThis article analyses a series of emails thanking Nigel for his stewardship of JASSS and the characteristics of their authors. It identifies a correlation between two measures of author activity in social simulation research, but no pattern between these activity measures and the email timing. Instead, the sequence suggests a classic standing ovation effect.</p
Distributed human computation framework for linked data co-reference resolution
No full textDistributed Human Computation (DHC) is a technique used to solve computational problems by incorporating the collaborative effort of a large number of humans. It is also a solution to AI-complete problems such as natural language processing. The Semantic Web with its root in AI is envisioned to be a decentralised world-wide information space for sharing machine-readable data with minimal integration costs. There are many research problems in the Semantic Web that are considered as AI-complete problems. An example is co-reference resolution, which involves determining whether different URIs refer to the same entity. This is considered to be a significant hurdle to overcome in the realisation of large-scale Semantic Web applications. In this paper, we propose a framework for building a DHC system on top of the Linked Data Cloud to solve various computational problems. To demonstrate the concept, we are focusing on handling the co-reference resolution in the Semantic Web when integrating distributed datasets. The traditional way to solve this problem is to design machine-learning algorithms. However, they are often computationally expensive, error-prone and do not scale. We designed a DHC system named iamResearcher, which solves the scientific publication author identity co-reference problem when integrating distributed bibliographic datasets. In our system, we aggregated 6 million bibliographic data from various publication repositories. Users can sign up to the system to audit and align their own publications, thus solving the co-reference problem in a distributed manner. The aggregated results are published to the Linked Data Cloud
Measure Attractors For Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equations
No full text: We show existence of measure attractors for 2-D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations with general multiplicative noise. Keywords: Stochastic Navier--Stokes equations, measure attractors AMS subject classification: Primary: 35Q30, 60H15, 60G60; Secondary: 35R60, 76D05, 60J25 The research of the first author was supported by an EPSRC Visiting Fellowship at the University of Hull and also partially by the KBN grant 2PO3A 064 08. Submitted to EJP on 15 May, 1997. Final version accepted on May 20, 1998. MEASURE ATTRACTORS FOR STOCHASTIC NAVIER--STOKES EQUATIONS MAREK CAPI ' NSKI AND NIGEL J. CUTLAND Abstract. We show existence of measure attractors for 2-D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations with general multiplicative noise. 1. Introduction This paper is concerned with existence of attractors in connection with stochastic Navier-Stokes equations in dimension 2. For deterministic Navier-Stokes equations, the existence of a global attractor in dimension 2 goes back to the work of Ladyzh..
Combustion and Society: A Fire-Centred History of Energy Use
No full textFire is a force that links everyday human activities to some of the most powerful energetic movements of the Earth. Drawing together the energy-centred social theory of Georges Bataille, the fire-centred environmental history of Stephen Pyne, and the work of a number of ‘pyrotechnology’ scholars, the paper proposes that the generalized study of combustion is a key to contextualizing human energetic practices within a broader ‘economy’ of terrestrial and cosmic energy flows. We examine the relatively recent turn towards fossil-fuelled ‘internal combustion’ in the light of a much longer human history of ‘broadcast’ burning of vegetation and of artisanal pyrotechnologies – the use of heat to transform diverse materials. A combustion-centred analysis, it is argued, brings human collective life into closer contact with the geochemical and geologic conditions of earthly existence, while also pointing to the significance of explorative, experimental and even playful dispositions towards energy and matter. © 2014, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved
Detection of Cognitive Features from Web Resources in Support of Cultural Modeling and Analysis
No full textThe World Wide Web serves as a valuable source of culture-relevant information, which can be used to support cultural modeling and analysis activities. Part of the challenge in exploiting the Web as a source of culture-relevant information relates to the need to detect and extract information about beliefs, attitudes, and values from a variety of different resources. The Web thus features a rich variety of information resources, and these are seldom categorized with respect to the dimensions in which cultural analysts are interested. Exploiting the Web as a source of culture-relevant information therefore requires techniques and approaches that enable cultural analysts to extract relevant information and organize extracted content in various ways. In this paper, we outline an approach to assist cultural analysts in the extraction and organization of relevant information. We show techniques that can be used to extract information about the attitudes, beliefs, and values of individuals, and how this data can, in turn, be used to support cultural modeling and analysis
Are differences in microRNA regulation implicated in species-dependent response to toxicological exposures?
No full textEquivalent exposures can result in qualitatively or quantitatively dissimilar toxic effects across species, with the underlying molecular mechanisms being often not well defined. In many cases, differences in metabolic handling of the chemical (metabolism and disposition) provide an explanation of these differences, but in other cases the explanation is less obvious. This variability in the outcome of toxicant exposures complicates the interspecies extrapolation of human hazard from animal testing data. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of their target genes that have fundamental roles in physiology, disease, and toxicological responses. Importantly, these noncoding genes are characterized by a high evolutionary flux, in terms of miRNA repertoire and functioning, even among closely related species. Furthermore, evidence is emerging that the enzymes of drug metabolism are also under miRNA regulation and thus offer a new twist to an old para digm, whereby manipulation of the expression of these enzymes affects toxic outcomes. In this review, we discuss how miRNA may contribute to the interspecies variability observed in the response to toxicant exposures. Although few studies have so far specifically examined the contribution of differences in miRNA regulation to species-dependent responses to toxicological exposures, we believe that this will be an area of intense research in the coming years. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved
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