1,720,996 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Cytotoxicity of extract of Malaysian Mitragyna Speciosa Korth and its dominant Alkaloid Mitragynine
Get PDFMitragyna speciosa Korth (Kratom), a herb of the Rubiaceae family is indigenous
in southeast Asia mainly in Malaysia and Thailand. It is used as an opium
substitute and has been increasingly abused by drug addicts in Malaysia.
Recently, the potent analgesic effect of plant extract and its dominant alkaloid
mitragynine (MIT) were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. MIT acted primarily on μ-
and δ-opioid receptors, suggesting that MIT or similar compounds could be
promising alternatives for future pain management treatments. However the
potential cytotoxicity of this plant is unknown. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of
methanol-chloroform extract (MSE) and MIT on human cell lines (HepG2, HEK
293, MCL-5, cHol and SH-SY5Y cells) has been examined. MSE appeared to
exhibit dose-dependant inhibition of cell proliferation in all cell lines examined, at
concentration > 100 μg/ml with substantial cell death at 1000 μg/ml. SH-SY5Y
was the most sensitive cell line examined. MIT showed a similar response.
Clonogenicity assay was performed to assess the longer- term effects of MSE and
MIT. The colony forming ability of HEK 293 and SH-SY5Y cells was inhibited in
a dose-dependant manner. Involvement of metabolism in cytotoxicity was further
assessed by clonogenicity assay using rat liver S9 (induced by Arochlor 1254);
toxicity increased 10-fold in both cell lines. To determine if cytotoxicity was
accompanied by DNA damage, the Mouse lymphoma tk gene mutation assay was
used. The results were negative for both MSE and MIT. Studies on the
involvement of metabolism in cytotoxicity of MSE and MIT were performed
using MCL-5 and it appeared that CYP 2E1 is involved in activation of
cytotoxicity. Studies with opioid antagonists were performed using SH-SY5Y
cells treated with MSE and MIT. Naloxone (μ and δ receptor antagonists),
naltrindole (δ receptor antagonist) and cyprodime hydrobromide (μ receptor
antagonist) confirmed that MSE cytotoxicity was associated with μ and δ receptor
while MIT mainly acted on μ receptor. Studies on mechanism of MSE and MIT
cytotoxicity showed that cell death observed at high dose was preceded by cell
cycle arrest, however MSE cell arrest was independent of p53 and p21 while MIT
showed opposite result. Studies have been undertaken to examine the nature of
this cell death. Morphological examinations showed that cell death induced by
MSE was cell type dependant, in which SH-SY5Y cells appeared to die via
apoptosis-like cell death while HEK 293 and MCL-5 cells predominantly via
necrosis. Biochemical assessments confirmed that MSE induced cell death
independent of p53 or caspases pathway while MIT cell death appeared to be
associated with p53 and caspases pathway. The involvement of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation in MSE and MIT mediating cell death was performed
using SH-SY5Y cells. The results appeared negative for both MSE and MIT
treated cells. Collectively, the findings of these studies suggest that MSE and its
dominant alkaloid MIT produced cytotoxicity effects at high dose. Thus, the
consumption of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves may pose harmful effects to
users if taken at high dose and the evidence for involvement of CYP 2E1 in
increasing the MSE cytotoxicity suggests that caution may be required if the
leaves are to be taken with CYP 2E1 inducers
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