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Les nouveaux métiers de la ville. Pouvoirs publics et recherche urbaine
No full textGilles Jeannot, Barry Goodchild, Paul Hickman
New professions in urban planning Public authorities and urban research
National policy on revitalising rundown areas has encouraged the emergence of new forms of professional activity, in France and in Great Britain alike. University research has been called upon to study these new practices in similar ways in the two countries. Nonetheless, the institution ? ! procedures implemented are quite different : contracting and a few cases of professional training for public servants in France, the development of public/private sector partnerships in Great Britain and the definition of professional standards for new jobs, dealt with as nothing out of the ordinary by the job market. On both sides of the Channel, the emphasis is on the multidisciplinary, seen as the ability to innovate in France, and as the ability to multitask in the United Kingdom.Les politiques nationales de renouvellement des quartiers dégradés ont favorisé l'émergence de nouvelles modalités d'exercice professionnel, en France comme en Grande-Bretagne. La recherche universitaire a été mobilisée pour mieux connaître ces pratiques de façon assez semblable dans les deux pays. Par contre les dispositifs institutionnels mis en place sont très différents : contractualisation et rare professionnalisation des agents publics en France, développement de partenariats publics-privés en Grande-Bretagne et définition de normes professionnelles pour les nouveaux emplois, traités de manière banale par le marché du travail. De part et d'autre du Channel on valorise la transversalité, comme capacité d'innovation en France, comme polyvalence fonctionnelle au Royaume-Uni.Jeannot Gilles, Goodchild Barry, Paulais Thierry. Les nouveaux métiers de la ville. Pouvoirs publics et recherche urbaine. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°104, 2008. L’expertise au miroir de la recherche. pp. 100-109
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Courtyard Housing in Tripoli: Tradition, Modernity and Users’ Perceptions
Get PDFThis socio-spatial study explores the meaning of home in an Arab context. It reinterprets the
concept of the Muslim-family home (Arab courtyard-house), in terms of space
arrangement/flexibility/use, gender, and privacy. The overall aim is to develop a deep understanding
of the meaning of home from the perspective of users in Tripoli-Libya. It explores, therefore, the
change and continuity, tradition and modernity in the physical form and use of the courtyard house. It
also investigates how the role of the courtyard home influences the daily life of women in Tripoli.
Over the past four decades, the courtyard house, once the most common type of dwelling in Libya,
has been largely ignored in new housing development. On the other hand, the use of the courtyard
house continues to be supported by a minority of architects in Libya, inspired in part by the ideas of
Fathy. The opposition of these architects and more generally the ideas of Fathy, raise a series of
questions that are the focus of this study: 1) Why has courtyard-housing declined in new development?
2) Can courtyard housing be justified in the present Tripoli? 3) To what extent do modern Libyan
homes express points of continuity and change from traditional patterns? 4) How, as part of this, are
they embedded into contemporary lifestyles and patterns of family life?
To answer these questions, a mixed-method approach has been employed within two stages: the
first, socially-qualitatively driven (i.e. questionnaire survey, interviews, focus groups and photoelicitation)
and the second, architecturally-qualitatively driven (i.e. space-syntax). The first stage
utilized two focus groups – the residents and the architects, conducted as a platform to simultaneously
use photo elicitation, and semi-structured interviews. The second stage applied the space syntax to
extract more hidden socio-cultural aspects of the Libyan homes (e.g. gender and access control).
This study makes a contribution to the home research in a number of ways. Firstly, to the methods
of housing user research, as the study utilized mixed-methods that combine the qualitative research
with a socio-spatial analysis. Secondly, to understanding the production of courtyard-housing in Arab
countries, applying the epistemological frameworks of Lefebvre and the methodological example of
Boudon, integrated with the cultural prescriptive approach of Fathy, in an Arab context. In doing so,
it provides an original perspective that has, hitherto, received little attention in the literature,
particularly within Arab housing studies. Thirdly, to understanding the use of the home from women’s
viewpoint.
The research has been undertaken from an explicitly female, Arab and architectural perspective.
The most subtle characteristics of the Muslim-Arab home, for example, come mainly from its
configuration of elements that were tested by people's traditions and culture. It is, therefore, very
different from Western writings on the home, including feminist writings of the home, gender and
space use. It is also different, however, from Arab studies of the home as these have been undertaken
predominantly from a male perspective. Finally, the involvement of a woman as an insider/indigenous
researcher provided access to a domestic world that it is not possible for male architects or housing
experts
Condominium development and gentrification in Bangkok, Thailand: a study of housing pathways
Get PDFThis thesis explores the use of a housing pathways framework to understand how households impacted by mass transit-induced gentrification and displacement in a neighbourhood in Bangkok navigate the field of housing and experience neighbourhood change. It focuses on the experiences of both gentrifiers and long-term residents of a neighbourhood, including those displaced. The housing pathways approach is framed around a combination of the theory of the habitus as interpreted by Bourdieu and phenomenological philosophy.
Findings are based on a case study area of neighbourhoods close to a recent mass transit line extension, where two new stations were built. The study consisted of in-depth interviews with households living in the condominiums, in the neighbourhood, and in cases outside of the neighbourhood if they had been displaced from the area. There were also in-depth interviews with individuals from estate agencies, development companies, the Bangkok planning department, and the national low-cost housing provider.
The research contributes to knowledge by adding to the literature on housing pathways. This is achieved through employing the concepts of the structural and biographical habitus and using vignettes to bridge these two approaches. It also contributes to knowledge by adding to the literature on gentrification, finding that although contextual factors must be considered, the theories developed in the West can provide significant insights when applied to neighbourhood change in Bangkok. The first key finding is that housing pathways have been shown to be complex in nature, influenced by traditional values but intertwined with emerging cultural shifts within contemporary Thai society. Another key finding of this study is that gentrification is intrinsically linked to aspects of mobility and proximity, similar in nature to the gentrification in the West seen by those as driven by practical considerations. Like in the West, it has also been found that social mixing between the new and old populations is limited and that displaced households and those in insecure tenurial positions suffered significantly in dealing with gentrification and attempting to resettle if they had been forced to move
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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