1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Still safe? Still in their hands? An evaluation of NHS privatisation in England since 2010
Full text linkEngland’s NHS has experienced increased privatisation via a shift towards the contracting-out of publicly funded healthcare to private providers. Originally founded through a widespread nationalisation of hospitals, the NHS (National Health Service) is considered a symbol of national pride as the crown jewel in the welfare state and one of the core achievements of socialism in post-war Britain. This has made the privatisation of the service a site of fervent political and public discourse. Yet, missing from this debate has been the input of rigorous research into the extent and impacts of privatisation. Given the importance of healthcare provision to population health, it is crucial to understand why the NHS has been privatised and whether privatisation has improved or worsened healthcare quality. This thesis makes three major contributions to these debates by answering: a) what are the causes of NHS privatisation, b) what is the extent of privatisation, and c) what are the impacts of privatisation on healthcare quality?
The first paper of this thesis analyses the association between for-profit outsourcing and quality of healthcare provision. It uses a novel data resource of NHS expenditures which link NHS suppliers to their legal company status, identifying all reported expenditures going to for-profit companies, charities, and NHS organisations. This data enables us to analyse the aggregate effect of privatisation at a population-level for the first time in England. This paper reports that for-profit outsourcing has increased from just below 4% to just above 6% between 2013 and 2020 and shows a consistent increase over this period. Using multivariate longitudinal regression models, the paper finds that an annual increase of one percentage point of outsourcing to the private for-profit sector corresponds with an annual increase in treatable mortality of 0.38% or 0.29 deaths per 100,000 population (95% CI 0·15% to 0·62%; p= 0.0055) in the following year. Given the increase in privatisation over this period, we use the average marginal association from the regression model to calculate how many additional deaths can be attributed to observed changes in outsourcing since 2013. We find changes to for-profit outsourcing since 2014 can be associated with an additional 557 treatable deaths (95% CI = 153-961). The paper concludes that increases in privatisation are corresponding with worse quality care in England’s NHS.
The second paper builds on the first by asking: ‘if privatisation is not improving patient outcomes, why is it increasing?’ and uses the answers to generate theories as to the processes of privatisation. To answer this the paper conducts a thematic analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with NHS commissioners which ask them why they perceive the NHS uses private providers and what factors might explain variation in outsourcing between different commissioning regions. I find that the key themes are: the “choice agenda” and independent provider locations; limited NHS capital; increasing need and the ability of NHS providers to meet it; appetite for change amongst key individuals working at the commissioning body; and the impact of financial pressures on commissioning decisions. A new theory of privatisation is explored from the qualitative results differentializing between ‘managed’ and ‘uncontrolled’ outsourcing. The commissioner-provider relationship sometimes locates decisionmaking power with providers and sometimes with commissioners, but the commissioners are never able to challenge the policy landscape they inherit from central government. The study also concludes that the experience of commissioners navigating the provision of healthcare with struggling NHS providers, worsening social determinants of health and financial pressures means that positive decisions to use private providers based on anticipated quality are not always possible.
The third paper of this thesis asks whether the post-2010 fiscal austerity in England accelerated NHS privatisation. It answers the question of whether, and in what ways, a) NHS underfunding b) Local Authority cuts and c) welfare cuts are associated with the regional changes to NHS privatisation observed since 2010. The paper analyses the aggregate association between changes in funding levels for regions and their relative changes to levels of privatisation. We find that levels of government funding are not associated with regional levels of privatisation. This finding has implications for how we understand the impacts of privatisation on health outcomes. If there were a strong association between finances and privatisation – the association with poor health outcomes may be confounded and ultimately caused by austerity policies. Instead, with these findings, we move closer to rejecting that hypothesis and conclude, rather, that the impacts of privatisation and austerity on health are independent of each other.
The fourth and final paper of this thesis conducts a narrative review of the literature evaluating the impact of health privatisation on healthcare quality across high-income countries. Previous reviews of the private healthcare have focused on comparing quality between private and public hospitals – which does not fully capture the effect of privatisation, that of a transfer from one sector to another. We make an important contribution by including the dimension of time to aggregate the evaluations of transfers from public to private healthcare provision. We find that hospitals converting from public to private ownership status tend to make higher profits, primarily through the selective intake of patients and reducing staff numbers. We also find that aggregate increases in privatisation are frequently corresponding with worse health outcomes for patients. Our review provides reason to challenge the justifications for healthcare privatisation and concludes that the evidence for further privatisation of healthcare services is weak
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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