1,720,957 research outputs found
Georgian railway's experiences with belt and road initiative: Advantages and disadvantages
No full textGeorgia's railway network is a key segment of the TRACECA, the shortest route from the Caspian Sea and Central Asia to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Basin. Georgian Railway Corridor has a number of advantages over pipeline, alternative railways and auto transport. Changing the quality of crude oil does not occur during rail transportation, no pipelines for oil products. The Russian rail routes have a competitive disadvantage compared to Georgia as Novorossiysk Port is typically frozen in winter and operations are frequently delayed. The Russian and Iranian routes are significantly longer than the Georgian route, which increases costs, risks, and transportation time. The railway route running through Iran is less attractive than the Georgian route due to the tense political relations between Iran and the West. Railway transportation is considered safer and more environmentally friendly than road transportation. Expensive bulk transportation - in cases of bulk transportation, the railway is considered cheaper than the road
Gondauri Index (GI): Methodology for a Clay Millennium-Problems-Driven Macro-Financial Index
Get PDFThe Gondauri Index (GI) is introduced as a novel macro-financial composite index, grounded in the Millennium Development Goals and applied to economic modeling. It integrates three sub-indices: the Inequality-Ricci Subindex (IRS), which measures income distribution stability through Ricci flow dynamics; the Liquidity-Navier-Stokes Resilience (LNSR), capturing systemic robustness via fluid dynamics analogies; and the Inflation FPAS+ζ Credibility (IFC), which enhances inflation forecasting through hybrid FPAS-Riemann zeta methods. Each subindex is normalized on a 0-100 scale, with the final GI computed as a weighted geometric mean (35% IRS, 35% LNSR, 30% IFC). The methodology combines statistical calibration, normalization, and error-reduction benchmarks, ensuring reliability and policy applicability. The GI provides a consolidated, forward-looking metric for evaluating inequality, financial stability, and inflation expectations, offering policymakers and researchers a robust tool for decision-making in complex socioeconomic environments
Gondauri Index (GI): Methodology for a Clay Millennium-Problems-Driven Macro-Financial Index
No full textThe Gondauri Index (GI) is introduced as a novel macro-financial composite index, grounded in the Millennium Development Goals and applied to economic modeling. It integrates three sub-indices: the Inequality-Ricci Subindex (IRS), measuring income distribution stability through Ricci flow dynamics; the Liquidity-Navier-Stokes Resilience (LNSR), capturing systemic robustness via fluid dynamics analogies; and the Inflation FPAS+ζ Credibility (IFC), enhancing inflation forecasting through hybrid FPAS-Riemann zeta methods. Each subindex is normalized on a 0-100 scale, with the final GI computed as a weighted geometric mean (35% IRS, 35% LNSR, 30% IFC). The methodology combines statistical calibration, normalization, and error-reduction benchmarks to ensure reliability and policy applicability. The GI provides a consolidated, forward-looking metric for evaluating inequality, financial stability, and inflation expectations, offering policymakers and researchers a robust tool for decision-making in complex socioeconomic environments
Modeling the strategic impact of the railway corridor on Georgia's economy: A Multi-Layered Analysis using Navier-Stokes, Ricci Flow, and EVA Frameworks
No full textSituated on the Eurasian transit axis, the Georgian railway corridor is a strategic artery for freight, capital, and innovation. This paper develops an integrated, model-driven assessment of its impact on economic development by combining: (1) Navier-Stokes equations adapted to economics to simulate operational flows and systemic risk; (2) a multidimensional Ricci Flow model to track inequality dynamics and structural transformation; and (3) an Economic Value Added (EVA) framework to evaluate long-term value creation and capital allocation. Using 2022-2024 data, we find that infrastructure modernization and efficiency gains increase liquidity velocity and lower systemic risk in the Navier-Stokes module. Stress tests reveal high sensitivity to external shocks, underscoring the need for dynamic operational and policy optimization. The Ricci Flow analysis maps how freight turnover, income growth, energy efficiency, and innovation shape inequality trajectories: parameters with positive curvature are associated with inclusive growth and sustainability, whereas negative curvature flags zones of persistent risk. EVA matrix modeling shows that higher growth and freight volumes lift GDP, added value, and competitiveness; importantly, a positive EVA margin emerges when annual growth reaches at least 3%. The study offers a transferable methodology for evaluating complex infrastructure under uncertainty and regional competition. Policy recommendations include institutionalizing real-time monitoring and stress testing, prioritizing inclusive-growth parameters, and aligning investment optimization with the integrated modeling stack to support sustainable, corridor-led development
Gondauri Index (GI): Methodology for a Clay Millennium-Problems-Driven Macro-Financial Index
No full textThe Gondauri Index (GI) is introduced as a novel macro-financial composite index, grounded in the Millennium Development Goals and applied to economic modeling. It integrates three sub-indices: the Inequality-Ricci Subindex (IRS), which measures income distribution stability through Ricci flow dynamics; the Liquidity-Navier-Stokes Resilience (LNSR), capturing systemic robustness via fluid dynamics analogies; and the Inflation FPAS+ζ Credibility (IFC), which enhances inflation forecasting through hybrid FPAS-Riemann zeta methods. Each subindex is normalized on a 0-100 scale, with the final GI computed as a weighted geometric mean (35% IRS, 35% LNSR, 30% IFC). The methodology combines statistical calibration, normalization, and error-reduction benchmarks, ensuring reliability and policy applicability. The GI provides a consolidated, forward-looking metric for evaluating inequality, financial stability, and inflation expectations, offering policymakers and researchers a robust tool for decision-making in complex socioeconomic environments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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