1,721,016 research outputs found
Les positions industrielles de l'Europe à la veille de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale
No full textThe industrial positions of Europe on the eve of the Second World War
This article provides estimates of the level of industrialisation in the world around 1937. The results reveal that the industrial position of Europe on the eve of the Second World War depends on the indicator chosen. If we refer to the total manufacturing production, Europe as a whole represents the first industrial power in the world. However, the levels of industrialisation show that Europe lagged largely behind the United States.
This contribution emphasizes also that the European continent was not a homogenous economic entity around 1937. There is indeed an important gap between an "industrial" and an "agricultural" Europe. The gap between the two Europe was in fact much more important than the one between the Old Continent and the United States.
Finally, this article replaces these 1937 estimations in the long run by focusing on the evolution of the European industry after the Second World War. an "industrial" and an "agricultural" Europe. The gap between the two Europe was in fact much more important than the one between the Old Continent and the United States.
Finally, this article replaces these 1937 estimations in the long run by focusing on the evolution of the European industry after the Second World War.Cet article fournit des estimations sur les niveaux d'industrialisation dans le monde vers 1937. Ces résultats montrent que la position industrielle de l'Europe à la veille de la seconde guerre mondiale dépend de l'indicateur choisi. Si l'on se réfère à la production manufacturière totale, l'Europe, dans son ensemble, représente la première puissance industrielle dans le monde. Par contre, les niveaux d'industrialisation mettent en évidence le retard de l'Europe sur les États-Unis.
Il ressort également de cette contribution que le continent européen n'est pas une entité économique homogène vers 1937. Il existe en effet un écart important entre une Europe industrielle et une Europe agricole. L'écart entre ces deux Europes est en fait beaucoup plus important que celui entre le Vieux Continent et les États-Unis.
Finalement, cet article replace les estimations de 1937 dans une perspective longue en s'intéressant à l'évolution de l'industrie européenne après la seconde guerre mondiale.David Thomas, Goertz Gary. Les positions industrielles de l'Europe à la veille de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. In: Revue économique, volume 51, n°2, 2000. pp. 213-227
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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The Causes and Consequences of Perceptions of Election Unfairness
No full textThe role of unfair elections in breakdown or maintenance of electoral authoritarian regimes has been subject to debate in recent research. On the one hand, the conduct of elections may serve to enhance popular legitimacy and deter challenges to the regime. On the other hand, electoral manipulation may contribute to grievances that fuel mass protest. However, empirical research on the consequences of electoral manipulation for popular support has been limited by the availability of appropriate survey data and has mostly focused on summary or process-based assessments of electoral unfairness. The premise of this study is that electoral manipulation is difficult to assess due to its inherent complexity and ambiguity. As a result, citizens are likely to use cognitive shortcuts to interpret electoral manipulation. Applying psychological theories of justice and motivated political reasoning in this context, this project aims to investigate how both process- and outcome-based assessments of election unfairness influence summary judgments of election quality, regime support, and support for electoral protest. It further seeks to determine how voters' political preferences bias, or condition, the impact of election unfairness evaluations. These propositions are tested using novel data from the XIX New Russia Barometer survey, conducted shortly after the controversial 2011 Russian State Duma election that triggered mass electoral protests. This study finds that perceived election outcome unfairness affects reactions to elections alongside assessments of the electoral process; it also shows evidence of partisan reasoning in evaluations of election unfairness. Ultimately, this project points to some factors that may explain the diverging consequences of electoral manipulation for popular support.Embargoed dissertation until 01-Sept-2016 on 27-Jan-2015 per author request; removed embargo on 01-Jun-2016 per author request. / Kimberl
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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