1,720,958 research outputs found
Sonographic patterns of renal lymphoma in B-mode imaging and in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-A retrospective evaluation
No full textIntroduction: Retrospective analysis of sonographic patterns of renal lymphoma in B-mode imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Patients/methods: From January 2000 to June 2014, 27 patients with clinical or histologically confirmed renal lymphoma were examined with B-mode imaging, followed by CEUS in 8 cases. Results: In B-mode imaging renal lymphoma were hypoechoic in all 27 cases (100%). 9 patients (33.3%) had a bilateral, 18(66.7%) patients had an unilateral lymphoma infiltration of the kidneys. 8(29.6%) cases of small nodular, 5 (18.5%) cases of large nodular and 6(22.2%) cases of perirenal lymphoma infiltration of the kidney were observed in B-mode imaging. Bulky-formation of renal lymphoma was detected in 6(22.2%) patients and 2(7.4%) patients had a diffuse lymphoma infiltration of the kidneys. In CEUS an arterial isoechoic enhancement was observed in 5(62.5%)- and, an arterial hypoechoic enhancement was observed in 3(37.5%) cases of renal lymphoma. A hypoechoic enhancement in the parenchymal phase was observed in 8(100%) cases of renal lymphoma infiltration. Conclusion: In B-mode-imaging, nodular lymphoma infiltration of the kidneys is the most common of all renal lymphoma patterns in B-mode imaging. In CEUS, renal lymphoma presented an arterial iso- or hypoechoic enhancement, followed by a hypoechoic enhancement in the parenchymal phase. In regard to the differentiation of renal lymphoma to benign lesions of the kidney, CEUS may be helpful. However, the differentiation of renal lymphoma from other malignant lesions of the kidney like renal cell carcinoma is not feasible by CEUS. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Max-Eder- Nachwuchsgruppe der Deutschen Krebshilf
Abdominal ultrasound. What is important for the emergency department?
No full textFocused emergency ultrasound (EU) is an established diagnostic procedure in the prehospital setting, emergency rooms, and critical care units. EU can be performed quickly, the focused application is easy to learn, it can be performed at the bedside, and it represents a cost-efficient tool without radiation exposure. Research and analysis of current literatue. Training in focused EU is necessary. In addition to echocardiography and thoracic ultrasound, abdominal ultrasound is widely used in the emergency setting. The following key leading symptoms should prompt physicians to perform a sonographic evaluation: (1) jaundice, (2) pain in the right upper abdomen (gall stones), (3) the "big belly" (ascites), (4) "acute abdomen" (acute abdominal pain), (5) flank pain (acute renal failure, anuria), and (6) the swollen leg (deep vein thrombosis). Key diseases can be diagnosed using basic ultrasound. Other differential diagnoses often require advanced ultrasound skills
Incidental findings in abdominal ultrasound. Characteristics and clinical interpretation
No full textAbdominal ultrasound is a common diagnostic procedure in internal medicine. The correct interpretation of incidental findings can be difficult at times and often results in expensive and sometimes invasive follow-up examinations. Therefore, detailed knowledge of incidental findings on abdominal ultrasound is of utmost clinical and economical importance. Incidental findings are often benign, however, an accurate evaluation and correct diagnosis is crucial for the subsequent clinical management. To this end B-mode ultrasonography is complemented by color flow Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to add dynamic information on blood flow and vessel formation. This article presents frequent incidental findings of the major abdominal organs and vessels, and describes the sonographic and clinical management to find the correct diagnosis
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound of embolic consolidations in patients with pulmonary embolism: A pilot study
No full textPurpose. To analyze and describe the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) patterns of peripheral lung lesions in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) confirmed on CT angiography or lung scintigraphy. Methods. CEUS had been performed on 35 patients with peripheral lung lesions detected on gray-scale imaging and confirmed as PE. The following data were evaluated retrospectively: (1) accumulation of contrast medium (absent or present), (2) differentiation between pulmonary arterial (PA) and bronchial arterial blood supply, and (3) contrast-enhancement pattern (absent/nonhomogeneous or homogeneous). A CEUS pattern of absent or nonhomogeneous enhancement was suspicious (ie, typical) of embolic consolidations (EC), whereas a pattern of homogeneous PA enhancement was considered to be atypical of EC. Results. Peripheral lesions showed a CEUS pattern suspicious of EC in 80% of the patients, with no enhancement in 40% and nonhomogeneous enhancement in another 40%. A CEUS pattern of homogeneous PA enhancement, atypical of EC, was identified in the remaining 20% of the patients. Pulmonary lesions larger than 1 cm showed vascularization more often than smaller lesions did (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Peripheral lung lesions in patients with confirmed PE show a CEUS pattern of absent or nonhomogeneous contrast enhancement for suspicious EC. Further prospective studies are required to verify the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS for EC. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Bracco Imagin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
