1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
B-Zell-Rezeptor vermittelte Therapieansätze des primären ZNS-Lymphoms
Full text linkDas primäre ZNS-Lymphom (PZNSL) zählt zu den hochmalignen B-Zell-Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen vom diffus großzelligen Typ. Seit dem Ausbruch der AIDS-Epidemie in den 80er-Jahren kam es zu einer Zunahme der Inzidenz dieses Tumors, da eine starke Assoziation zwischen dem primären ZNS-Lymphom und Immunsuppression besteht. Bei immunkompetenten Patienten handelt es sich um einen seltenen Tumor des Lymphsystems, der vorwiegend ab dem 5. Lebensjahrzehnt diagnostiziert wird.
Sein Auftreten im ZNS stellt eine Herausforderung für die Behandlung dar. Im Vordergrund der Therapie stehen hirngängige Chemotherapien, vor allem Methotrexat, und die Ganzhirnbestrahlung.
Trotz dieser intensiven Therapien, die mit starken Nebenwirkungen behaftet sind, kommt es häufig zu Rezidiven, welche mit einer schlechten Prognose des Gesamtüberlebens einhergehen. Aus diesem Grund ist es wichtig, dass an neuen, gut wirksamen und nebenwirkungsarmen Therapieansätzen geforscht wird. Über den B-Zell-Rezeptor (BZR) erkennen B-Lymphozyten ein für sie spezifisches Antigen, wobei jeder B-Lymphozyt einen in der variablen Region etwas unterschiedlichen BZR besitzt.
Da B-Zell-Lymphome von einer entarteten B-Zelle, dem malignen Klon, ausgehen, besitzt jede B-Zelle eines B-Zell-Lymphoms einen identischen BZR, der sie von allen anderen, gesunden B-Lymphozyten unterscheidet. Mit der Entdeckung von BZR-Antigenen maligner Lymphome ergibt sich ein neues, hochspezifisches Therapiekonzept, welches ausschließlich den malignen B-Zell-Klon über dessen B-Zell-Rezeptor angreift. Dieses neue Therapiekonzept wurde BARs („B-cell receptor antigens for reverse targeting“) genannt. Bei circa 67% der Patienten mit PZNSL exprimieren die Lymphomzellen einen BZR, welcher spezifisch das Antigen und BAR Neurabin I bindet. In welchem Format BARs und damit Neurabin I therapeutisch eingesetzt werden können ist unklar. BAR-Bodies integrieren BARs in ein Fab-Antikörper-Format, wobei die variablen Domänen der Schwer- und Leichtkette durch die DNA-Sequenz eines BZR-Antigens, zum Beispiel Neurabin I, ersetzt werden. Ein Neurabin-BAR-Body wurde in dieser Arbeit hergestellt und an das Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A gekoppelt, welches nach Internalisierung über den BZR als toxische Wirkkomponente dienen soll. Das BAR-Body-Konstrukt wurde in einem pCES1-Vektor über mehrere Zwischenschritte kloniert und von TGI E. coli-Bakterien exprimiert. Die spezifische Bindung des BAR-Body an Lymphomzellen und deren Internalisierung wurde mittels Durchflusszytometrie ermittelt. Nach Änderung des Fab-Formats in eine reduzierte, nur noch die Schwerkette enthaltende Form, konnte eine spezifische Bindung und Internalisierung nachgewiesen werden. In Zytotoxizitäts-Assays konnte die spezifische Lyse einer, mit einem Neurabin-spezifischen BZR transfizierten, Lymphomzelllinie gezeigt werden. Diese Arbeit beschreibt eine erste potentielle Therapieform des primären ZNS-Lymphoms, welche ausschließlich den malignen Klon trifft, indem die spezifische BZR-Antigen-Interaktion ausgenutzt wird.The primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive diffuse large B-cell-Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma. Since the AIDS-epidemic in the 80ies, the incidence of this tumor has increased due to the correlation between primary CNS lymphoma and immunosuppression. In immunocompetent patients, it is a rare tumor of the lymph system, which occurs mainly after the 5th life-decade. Its appearance in the central nervous system poses a challenge for its therapy. Chemotherapy, mostly Methotrexat, and brain radiation are the mainly used therapeutic options. However, they go along with many side effects and even after successful completion of therapy, relapses occur frequently and lead to poor overall-survival.
For these reasons new and effective therapies with less side effects are needed urgently.
B-lymphocytes recognize antigens specific for them via their B-cell receptor (BCR), each B-lymphocyte having a slightly different BCR in the variable region to cover a wide variety of antigens. As B-cell lymphomas emanate from a degenerate B-cell, the malignant clone, each B-cell of a B-cell lymphoma has an identical BCR that distinguishes it from all other healthy B-lymphocytes. With the discovery of B-cell receptor antigens of malignant lymphomas results a new, highly specific therapy concept, which exclusively attacks the malignant B-cell clone via its B-cell receptor. This new therapy concept was called BARs (“B-cell receptor antigens for reverse targeting”). In about 67% of patients with primary CNS lymphoma, the lymphoma cells express a B-cell receptor on their surface that specifically binds the antigen and BAR Neurabin I. In what format BARs and thus Neurabin I can be used therapeutically is unclear.
BAR-Bodies integrate BARs into an antibody Fab-format, replacing the variable domains of the heavy and light chains with the DNA sequence of a B-cell receptor antigen. A Neurabin-BAR-Body was constructed and coupled to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A to serve as a toxic component after internalization via the B-cell receptor of the lymphoma cell. The BAR-Body construct was cloned in a pCES1-vector through intermediate steps and expressed by TGI E. coli bacteria. The specific binding of the BAR-Body to lymphoma cells and their internalization was determined by flow cytometry. After changing the Fab-format to a reduced form containing only the heavy chain, specific binding and internalization could be demonstrated. Cytotoxicity assays revealed the specific lysis of a lymphoma cell line transfected with a Neurabin I specific BZR. This work describes the first potential therapy form of primary CNS lymphoma that exclusively targets the malignant clone by exploiting the specific BZR antigen interaction
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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