1,721,019 research outputs found
Development of Gridded Emission Inventory for Pune City
Get PDFThe fundamental source of the alarming increase in air pollution is due to multi-way
anthropogenic emissions. The emission inventory is a comprehensive quantification of
estimated pollutant emissions in a specific location over a specific time period from various
sources. The precision and reliability of emission estimation have a highly significant role in
the quality of air quality forecasting. Emission inventories assist with air quality management
and the development of environmental policies. The presented work is a detailed gridded
Emission Inventory for particulate matter (PM) with a resolution of 100m x 100m for Pune
Municipal Corporation (PMC). In order to run the air quality forecast models gridded
emission inventories are the necessary input that matches the model resolution. An air quality
forecast model produces output through the interactions of emission inventory (EI), its spread
modified by meteorology, both input to the model to give pollutant concentrations at every
grid. The last EI over Pune is for the PMR region that includes Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad
Municipal corporations and their fringe villages at a resolution of 400m x 400m. The present
work is limited to PMC region at a resolution of 100m x100m; the emission data is collected
and incorporated at the exact higher resolution. Including the higher resolution and
standardized activity datasets, this works updates the gap by presenting detailed multisectoral
emissions in PMC region. The methodology for inventory estimations of each subsector is
extended based on its properties and the types of fuels used. A sector-wise comparison at the
ward level for the current EI is also presented.
The current study used a bottom-up strategy to establish emission inventory estimates and
then distribute them to grids using a GIS-based statistical model. This has made it possible to
meet the aim of providing emissions for particulate contaminants with a resolution of 100m.
The source-specific emission activity data repository has been used, together with the
relevant emissions factor. The gridded emission inventories can give extensive information
on emission hotspots and relative contributions of sources and sectors to target and pave the
path for the policy framework. The extensive research demands a substantial amount of high resolution activity data, emission variables, and understanding of basic scientific processes.
To fill in the data gaps and validate data, two-year-long scientific field campaign data was
used for uncertain secondary data., and to collect the available secondary data concurrently.
The overall result delivered is the high resolution (100m x 100m) gridded EI of two air
pollutants (PM2.5, PM10).
Page iv of 77
Remote sensing technologies are becoming more precise, powerful but broadly available and
less expensive; there is a vast potential in using satellite data to analyse and visualize ambient
air quality over broad geographic areas in real-time. We have discussed how to use a mixed
strategy to create a PM2.5 and PM10 emission inventory for the residential sector containing
residential areas and slums across PMC at a resolution of 100m x 100m. The inventory gives
emission estimates that are both geographically and temporally resolved. PM2.5 and PM10
emissions for the Industrial sector, including hotels and restaurants, hawkers, bakeries,
industries, and crematoriums, are quantified. Transport emissions are estimated based on a
specific methodology. Emissions of a particular pollutant from a specific source category are
evaluated using activity data, the Emission Factor (EF), combustion technology, and emission
control removal efficiency. As far as public health is concerned, EI estimates provide a good
tool for exposure estimates that daily, people are exposed to from various sources
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Generalized Rosenfeld scalings for tracer diffusivities in not-so-simple fluids: Mixtures and soft particles
Get PDFRosenfeld [Phys. Rev. A 15, 2545 (1977)] originally noticed that casting the transport coefficients of simple monatomic equilibrium fluids in a specific dimensionless form makes them approximately single-valued functions of excess entropy. This observation has predictive value because, while the transport coefficients of dense fluids can be difficult to estimate from first principles, the excess entropy can often be accurately predicted from liquid-state theory. In this work, we use molecular simulations to investigate whether Rosenfeld's observation is a special case of a more general scaling law relating the tracer diffusivities of particles in mixtures to the excess entropy. Specifically, we study the tracer diffusivities, static structure, and thermodynamic properties of a variety of one- and two-component model fluid systems with either additive or nonadditive interactions of the hard-sphere or Gaussian-core form. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the effects of mixture concentration and composition, particle-size asymmetry and additivity, and strength of the interparticle interactions in these fluids are consistent with an empirical scaling law relating the excess entropy to a dimensionless (generalized Rosenfeld) form of tracer diffusivity, which we introduce here. The dimensionless form of the tracer diffusivity follows from knowledge of the intermolecular potential and the transport/thermodynamic behavior of fluids in the dilute limit. The generalized Rosenfeld scaling requires less information and provides more accurate predictions than either Enskog theory or scalings based on the pair-correlation contribution to the excess entropy. As we show, however, it also suffers from some limitations especially for systems that exhibit significant decoupling of individual component tracer diffusivities.National Science Foundation CTS-0448721 CTS-028772Welch Foundation F-1696David and Lucile Packard FoundationChemical Engineerin
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
