1,720,993 research outputs found
Induction of inflammatory angiogenesis by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
No full textAlmost any growth of tumors is to some extent associated with an inflammatory reaction which may be anti-tumorigenic by acting directly on tumor cells or protumorigenic cells presumably by inducing tumor-associated angiogenesis. In this study, we have analyzed the angiogenesis-inducing capacity of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a key regulatory molecule of monocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation. MCP-1 was found to be potently angiogenic when implanted into rabbit cornea, exerting potency similar to the specific angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A(121). MCP-1-induced angiogenesis in the cornea is associated with prominent recruitment of macrophages, whereas VEGF-A(121)-induced corneal angiogenesis is devoid of inflammatory cell recruitment. Based on these findings, we studied MCP-1 expression and macrophage recruitment in human invasive ductal mammary carcinomas in comparison with the physiological angiogenic processes in bovine ovarian corpus luteum. Macrophage recruitment was always associated with MCP-1 expression. High macrophage counts in mammary tumors corresponded with poor prognosis. In contrast, physiological ovarian angiogenesis was associated with only minimal inflammatory recruitment of macrophages. Our data show that MCP-1 is an indirect inflammation-associated inducer of angiogenesis and demonstrate distinct qualitative differences between tumor angiogenesis in human mammary tumors and physiological angiogenesis in the ovary
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Heterogeneity of angiogenesis and blood vessel maturation in human tumors: Implications for antiangiogenic tumor therapies
No full textMicrovessel density (MVD) counting techniques have been widely used to assess the vasculature in tumors. MVD counts assess the presence of blood vessels but do not give an indication of the degree of angiogenesis and the Functional status of the tumor neovasculature, To analyze angiogenesis and the functional status of the tumor vascular bed, we have quantitated endothelial cell proliferation and the recruitment of pericytes in human tumors [glioblastomas (n = 30), renal cell carcinomas (n = 22), colon carcinomas (n = 18), mammary carcinomas (n = 24), lung carcinomas (n = 15), and prostate carcinomas (n = 19)], These findings were compared to the physiological angiogenesis in the cyclic bovine ovarian corpus luteum, Tissue sections were examined applying double-labeling immunohistochemical techniques to detect proliferating endothelial cells and to colocalize endothelial cells and pericytes, The following parameters were quantitated: (a) MVD count; (b) proliferating capillary index (PCI); (c) proliferating tumor versus endothelial cell index; and (d) microvessel pericyte coverage index (MPI), Based on endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis was found to be present in all tumors with characteristic and significant differences between the tumor types (glioblastomas, PCI = 9.6 +/- 6.1%; renal cell carcinomas, PCI = 9.4 +/- 5.2%; colon carcinomas, PCI = 7.8 +/- 5.2%; mammary carcinomas, PCI = 5.0 +/- 4.8%; lung carcinomas, PCI = 2.6 +/- 2.5%; prostate carcinomas, PCI = 2.0 +/- 1.4%), There was a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the intensity of angiogenesis within each tumor group, as indicated by large standard deviations, Even in the most angiogenic tumors, angiogenesis was found to be 4 to 20 times less intense as compared with the physiological angiogenesis in the growing ovarian corpus rubrum (PCI = 40.6 +/- 6.2%). Varying degrees of pericyte recruitment to the tumor microvasculature were determined in the different tumor types (glioblastomas, MPI = 12.7 +/- 7.9%; renal cell carcinomas, MPI = 17.9 +/- 7.8%: colon carcinomas, MPI = 65.4 +/- 10.5%; mammary carcinomas, MPI = 673 +/- 14.2%; lung carcinomas, MPI = 40.8 +/- 14.5%; prostate carcinomas, MPI = 29.6 +/- 9.5%), The data demonstrate distinct quantitative variations in the intensity of angiogenesis in malignant human tumors. Furthermore, the varying degrees of pericyte recruitment indicate differences in the functional status of the tumor vasculature in different tumors that may reflect varying degrees of maturation of the tumor vascular bed
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Heterogeneity of angiogenesis and blood vessel maturation in human tumors: Implications for antiangiogenic tumor therapies
No full textMicrovessel density (MVD) counting techniques have been widely used to assess the vasculature in tumors. MVD counts assess the presence of blood vessels but do not give an indication of the degree of angiogenesis and the Functional status of the tumor neovasculature, To analyze angiogenesis and the functional status of the tumor vascular bed, we have quantitated endothelial cell proliferation and the recruitment of pericytes in human tumors [glioblastomas (n = 30), renal cell carcinomas (n = 22), colon carcinomas (n = 18), mammary carcinomas (n = 24), lung carcinomas (n = 15), and prostate carcinomas (n = 19)], These findings were compared to the physiological angiogenesis in the cyclic bovine ovarian corpus luteum, Tissue sections were examined applying double-labeling immunohistochemical techniques to detect proliferating endothelial cells and to colocalize endothelial cells and pericytes, The following parameters were quantitated: (a) MVD count; (b) proliferating capillary index (PCI); (c) proliferating tumor versus endothelial cell index; and (d) microvessel pericyte coverage index (MPI), Based on endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis was found to be present in all tumors with characteristic and significant differences between the tumor types (glioblastomas, PCI = 9.6 +/- 6.1%; renal cell carcinomas, PCI = 9.4 +/- 5.2%; colon carcinomas, PCI = 7.8 +/- 5.2%; mammary carcinomas, PCI = 5.0 +/- 4.8%; lung carcinomas, PCI = 2.6 +/- 2.5%; prostate carcinomas, PCI = 2.0 +/- 1.4%), There was a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the intensity of angiogenesis within each tumor group, as indicated by large standard deviations, Even in the most angiogenic tumors, angiogenesis was found to be 4 to 20 times less intense as compared with the physiological angiogenesis in the growing ovarian corpus rubrum (PCI = 40.6 +/- 6.2%). Varying degrees of pericyte recruitment to the tumor microvasculature were determined in the different tumor types (glioblastomas, MPI = 12.7 +/- 7.9%; renal cell carcinomas, MPI = 17.9 +/- 7.8%: colon carcinomas, MPI = 65.4 +/- 10.5%; mammary carcinomas, MPI = 673 +/- 14.2%; lung carcinomas, MPI = 40.8 +/- 14.5%; prostate carcinomas, MPI = 29.6 +/- 9.5%), The data demonstrate distinct quantitative variations in the intensity of angiogenesis in malignant human tumors. Furthermore, the varying degrees of pericyte recruitment indicate differences in the functional status of the tumor vasculature in different tumors that may reflect varying degrees of maturation of the tumor vascular bed
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