439 research outputs found
Sensory and motor neuronal networks of the spinal cord
No full textThis body of work is focused upon neuronal networks of the spinal cord which are
involved in processing of sensory information and generation of motor output. It
includes a detailed account of the synaptic organisation, target neurons and
neurotransmitter content of central terminals of various classes of cutaneous and
proprioceptive primary afferent axons. It shows that presynaptic boutons at
axoaxonic synapses, which regulate primary afferent transmission, contain GABA
but that other transmitters such as glycine, neuropeptide Y and acetylcholine may
be co-localised in these structures. The principal conclusion is that certain subtypes
of presynaptic inhibitory interneurons target the terminals of specific types of primary
afferent fibres but the majority of these neurons do not from 'pure' presynaptic
inhibitory systems because many of them also mediate postsynaptic inhibition. A
further series of investigations provides a detailed analysis of the organisation of
monoaminergic axon terminals and the receptors that they act upon. This work
supports the existence of two parallel modes of action for monoamines in the cord; a
diffuse (non-synaptic or paracrine) system and a specific system which acts through
direct synaptic actions on particular target neurons. Serotonin, for example, acts as
a general modulator but also regulates transmission in some pathways selectively.
Amongst the cells that are targeted selectively, are interneurons in reflex pathways
and a class of projection neuron which receives monosynaptic input from
nociceptive primary afferent axons. More recently, the focus has been on the
organization and neurochemical properties of spinal interneurons. Until recently,
there were few satisfactory classifications of spinal interneurons and the relationship
between functional and structural properties of such cells was unclear. A detailed
analysis of interneurons has shown that there is a clear relationship between the
action of a given interneuron (i.e. whether it is inhibitory or excitatory), its axonal
projections and the classes of cell that it targets. In conclusion, the work reported in
this thesis is an attempt to elucidate neuronal circuits which underlie sensory and
motor processes in the spinal cord by applying modern functional anatomical
approaches.SELECTED REVIEW ARTICLES (PEER REVIEWED):
1. Morris, R., Cheunsuang, O., Stewart, A. and Maxwell, D. (2004) Spinal dorsal horn neurone
targets for nociceptive primary afferents: do single neurone morphological characteristics
suggest how nociceptive information is processed at the spinal level. Brain Res. Rev. 46, 173-
190. (Review article written as co-author with Dr. Richard Morris; contains some unpublished
data from all 4 authors) ||
2. Jankowska, E., Maxwell, D.J. and Bannatyne, B.A. (2007) On coupling and decoupling of
spinal interneuronal networks Arch. Ital. Biol. 145: 235-250, 2007 (Review article written
jointly by E. Jankowska, B.A. Bannatyne and DJM: summarises some of our major findings).SELECTED PEER REVIEWED ARTICLES:
1. Maxwell, D.J. Bannatyne, B.A., Brown, A.G. and Fyffe, R.E.W. (1982) Ultrastructure of
physiologically identified hair follicle afferent fibres in the cat spinal cord. Journal of
Neurocytology 11, 571-582. (Author; performed bulk of experimental work reported). ||
2. Maxwell, D.J., Leranth, Cs. and Verhofstad, A.A.J. (1983) fine structure of serotonin
containing axons in the marginal zone of the rat spinal cord. Brain Research 266, 253-260. ||
(Author; initiated and performed bulk of experimental work reported).
3. Maxwell, D.J., Fyffe, R.E.W. and Rethelyi, M. (1983) Morphological properties of
physiologically characterized lamina III neurons in the cat spinal cord. Neuroscience 10, 1-22.
(Author; initiated and performed bulk of experimental work reported). ||
4. Maxwell, D.J., Fyffe, R.E.W. and Brown, A.G. (1984) Fine structure of normal and
degenerating primary afferent boutons associated with characterized spinocervical tract
neurones in the cat. Neuroscience 12, 151-163. (Author; initiated and performed bulk of
experimental work reported). ||
5. Maxwell, D.J. and Bannatyne, B.A. (1983) Ultrastructure of muscle spindle afferent
terminations in lamina VI of the cat spinal cord. Brain Research 288, 297-301. (Author;
initiated and performed bulk of experimental work reported). ||
6. Maxwell, D.J., Bannatyne, B.A., Fyffe, R.E.W. and Brown, A.G. (1984) Fine structure of
primary afferent terminations projecting from rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors of the toe
and foot pads of the cat. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 69, 381-392. (Author;
initiated study and performed bulk of experimental work reported jointly with B.A. Banntyne). ||
7. Bannatyne, B.A., Maxwell, D.J., Fyffe, R.E.W. and Brown, A.G. (1984) Fine structure of
primary afferent terminals of slowly adapting cutaneous receptors in the cat. Quarterly Journal
ofExperimental Physiology 69, 547-557. (Author; initiated study and performed bulk of
experimental work reported jointly with B.A. Banntyne).
2 ||
8. Maxwell, D.J., Koerber, H.R. and Bannatyne, B.A. (1985) Light and electron microscopy of
contacts between primary afferent fibres and neurons with axons ascending the dorsal columns
of the feline spinal cord. Neuroscience 16, 375-394. (Author; initiated and performed bulk of
experimental work reported). ||
9. Maxwell, D.J. and Koerber, H.R. (1986) Fine structure of collateral axons originating from
feline spinocervical tract neurons. Brain Research 363, 199-203. (Author; initiated and
performed bulk of experimental work reported).
10.Maxwell, D.J., Christie, W.M. and Somogyi, P. (1989) Synaptic connections of GABAcontaining boutons in the lateral cervical nucleus of the cat: an ultrastructural study employing
pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemical methods. Neuroscience 33, 169-184.
(Author; initiated and performed bulk of experimental work reported). ||
II .Maxwell, D.J., Christie, W.M., Ottersen, O.P. and Storm-Mathisen, J. (1990) Terminals of
group la primary afferent fibres in Clarke's column are enriched with L-glutamate-like
immunoreactivity. Brain Research 510, 346-350. (Author; initiated and performed bulk of
experimental work reported). ||
12.Maxwell, D.J., Christie, W.M., Short, A.D., Storm-Mathisen, J. and Ottersen, O.P. (1990)
Central boutons of glomeruli are enriched with L-glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the spinal
cord of the cat. Neuroscience 36, 83-104. (Author; initiated and performed bulk of
experimental work reported). ||
13.Maxwell, D.J., Christie, W.M., Short, A.D. and Brown, A.G. (1990) Direct observations of
synapses between GABA- immunoreactive boutons and muscle afferent terminals in lamina VI
of the cat's spinal cord. Brain Research 530, 215-222. (Author; initiated and performed bulk of
experimental work reported). ||
14.Maxwell, D.J., Christie, W.M., Short, A.D. and Brown, A.G. (1991) Direct observations of
synapses between GABA- immunoreactive boutons and identified spinocervical tract neurons
in the cat's spinal cord. J.Comp. Neurol. 307: 375-392. (Author; initiated and performed bulk
of experimental work reported). ||
15.Doyle, C.A. and Maxwell, D.J. (1991) Catecholaminergic innervation of the spinal dorsal
horn: a correlated light and electron microscopic analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase
immunoreactive fibres in the cat. Neuroscience, 45, 161-176. (Co-author; initiated and
supervised experimental work reported). ||
16.Doyle, C.A. and Maxwell, D.J. (1991) Ultrastructural analysis of noradrenergic nerve
terminals in the cat lumbosacral spinal dorsal horn: a dopamine-B-hydroxylase
immunocytochemical study. Brain Research 563, 329-333. (Co-author; initiated and supervised
experimental work reported). ||
17.Todd, A.J., Maxwell. D.J. and Brown, A.G. (1991) Relationships between hair-follicle afferent
axons and glycine-immunoreactive profiles in cat dorsal horn. Brain Research 564,132-137.
(Co-author; collaborative study with A. Todd). ||
18.Maxwell, D.J., Christie, W.M., Brown, A.G., Ottersen, O.P. and Storm-Mathisen, J. (1992)
Direct observations of synapses between L-glutamate-immunoreactive boutons and identified
spinocervical tract neurones in the spinal cord of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 326, 485-500.
(Author; initiated and performed bulk of experimental work reported). ||
19.Doyle, C.A. and Maxwell, D.J. (1993) Direct catecholaminergic innervation of postsynaptic
dorsal column neurons in the cat spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 331, 434-444. (Co-author;
initiated and supervised experimental work reported). ||
20.Doyle, C.A. and Maxwell, D.J. (1993) Neuropeptide Y- immunoreactive terminals form axo¬
axonic synaptic arrangements in the substantia gelatinosa (lamina II) of the cat spinal dorsal
horn. Brain Research 603, 157-161. (Co-author; initiated and supervised experimental work
reported). ||
21.Maxwell, D.J., Christie, W.M., Brown, A.G., Ottersen, O.P. and Storm-Mathisen, J. (1993)
Identified hair follicle afferent boutons in the spinal cord of the cat are enriched with Lglutamate-like immunoreactivity. Brain Research 606, 156-161. (Author; initiated and
performed bulk of experimental work reported). ||
22.Doyle, C.A. and Maxwell, D.J. (1994) Light- and electron-microscopic analysis of
neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive profiles in the cat spinal dorsal horn. Neuroscience 61, 107-
121. (Co-author; initiated and supervised experimental work reported). ||
23.Doyle, C.A. and Maxwell, D.J. (1994) Catecholaminergic innervation of the lateral cervical
nucleus: a correlated light and electron microscopic analysis of tyrosine hydroxylaseimmunoreactive axons in the cat. Neuroscience 61, 381-389. (Co-author; initiated and
supervised experimental work reported). ||
24.Maxwell, D.J., Ottersen, O.P. and Storm-Mathisen, J. (1995) Synaptic organization of
excitatory and inhibitory boutons associated with spinal neurons which project through the
dorsal columns of the cat. Brain Research 676, 103-112. (Author; initiated and performed bulk
of experimental work reported). ||
25.Jankowska, E., Maxwell, D.J., Dolk, S., Krutki, P. Belichenko, P.V. and Dahlstrom, A. (1995)
Contacts between serotoninergic fibres and dorsal horn spinocerebellar tract neurones in the cat
and rat; a confocal microscopic study. Neuroscience, 67,477-487. (Co-author; collaborative
study with E. Jankowska. Performed much of experimental work reported). ||
26.Maxwell, D.J., Todd,A.J. and Kerr, R. (1995) Colocalization of glycine and GABA in
synapses on spinomedullary neurons. Brain Research 690, 127-132. (Author; initiated and
performed bulk of experimental work reported). ||
27.Maxwell, D.J. and Jankowska, E. (1996) Synaptic relations between serotonin-immunoreactive
axons and dorsal horn spinocerebellar tract cells in the cat spinal cord. Neuroscience, 70, 247-
253. (Author; collaborative study with E. Jankowska. initiated and performed morphological
aspects of experimental work reported). ||
28.McGonigle, D.J., Maxwell, D.J., Shehab, S.A.S. and Kerr,R. (1996) Evidence for the presence
of neurokinin-1 receptors on dorsal horn spinocerebellar tract cells in the rat. Brain Research,
742, 1-9. (Author; initiated, supervised and performed experimental work reported). ||
29.Maxwell, L. Maxwell. D.J., Nielson, M. and Kerr. R. (1996) A confocal microscopic survey
of serotoninergic axons in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat: colocalization with glutamate
decarboxylase and neuropeptides. Neuroscience 75: 471-480(Author; initiated, supervised and
performed experimental work reported). ||
30.Maxwell, D.J., Kerr, R., Jankowska, E. and Riddell, J.S. (1997) Synaptic connections of dorsal
horn group II interneurons: synapses formed with the interneurons and by their axon
collaterals. J.Comp. Neurol. 380: 51-69 (Author; collaborative study with E. Jankowska.
initiated and performed morphological aspects of experimental work reported). ||
31.Patel, R., Kerr, R. and Maxwell, D.J. (1997) Absence of co-localized glutamic acid
decarboxylase and neuropeptides in noradrenergic axons of the rat spinal cord. Brain Res. 749:
164-169. (Author; initiated, supervised and performed experimental work reported). ||
32.Jankowska E., Maxwell, D.J. Dolk, S. and Dahlstrom, A. (1997) A confocal and electron
microscopic study of contacts between 5-HT fibres and feline dorsal horn interneurons in
pathways from muscle afferents J.Comp. Neurol. 387, 430-438 (Co-author; collaborative study
with E. Jankowska. initiated and performed morphological aspects of experimental work
reported). ||
33.Pollock, R., Kerr, R. and Maxwell. D.J. (1997) An immunocyochemical investigation ofthe
relationship between substance P and the neurokinin-1 receptor in the lateral horn of the rat
thoracic spinal cord. Brain Res. 777, 22-30 (Author; initiated, supervised and performed
experimental work reported).
34.Spike, R.C., Kerr, R., Maxwell. D.J. and Todd, A.J. (1998) GluRl and GluR2/3 subunits of the
AMPA-type glutamate receptor are associated with particular types of neuron in laminae I-III
of the spinal dorsal horn of the rat, Eur. J. Neurosci. 10,324-333. (Co-author; collaborative
study with A. Todd. Performed some aspects of experimental work reported). ||
35.Welton J., Stewart W., Kerr R. and Maxwell D.J., (1999) Differential expression of the
muscarinic m2 acetylcholine receptor by small and large motoneurons of the rat spinal cord.
Brain Reserarch 817, 215-219 (Author; initiated, supervised and performed experimental work
reported). ||
36.Maxwell D.J. and Riddell J.S. (1999) Axoaxonic synapses on terminals of group II muscle
afferent axons in the spinal cord of the cat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 2151-2159 (Author; initiated
and performed bulk of experimental work reported) ||
37.Maxwell, D.J., Riddell J.S. and Jankowska, E. (2000) Serotoninergic and noradrenergic axonal
contacts associated with premotor interneurons in spinal pathways from group II muscle
afferents. Eur. J. Neurosci .12,1271-1280. (Author; collaborative study with E. Jankowska.
initiated and performed morphological aspects of experimental work reported). ||
38.Gladden, M.H., Maxwell, D.J., Sahal, A. and Jankowska, E. (2000) Coupling between
serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurones and gamma motoneurones in the cat J.Physiol 527,
213-223.. (Co-author; collaborative study with E. Jankowska. Performed morphological
aspects of experimental work reported). ||
39.Stewart, W. and Maxwell, D.J. (2000) Morphological evidence for selective modulation by
serotonin of a sub-population of dorsal horn cells which possess the neurokinin-1 receptor.
Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 4583-4588. (Co-author; initiated and supervised experimental work
reported). ||
40.Hammar, I. and Maxwell, D.J. (2002) Serotoninergic and Noradrenergic axons make contacts
with neurons of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 443, 310-319.
(Co-author; initiated, supervised and performed aspects of experimental work reported). ||
41.Cheunsuang, O., Maxwell, D.J. and Morris, R., (2002) Spinal lamina I neurones which express
neurokinin 1 receptors: Elecctrophysiological properties, responses to primary afferent
stimulation and effects of a selective p-opioid receptor agonist. Neuroscience. Ill, 423-434.
(Co-author; collaborative study with R. Morris. Performed morphological aspects of
experimental work reported). ||
42.0lave, M.J. Puri, N. Kerr, R. and Maxwell, D.J. (2002) Myelinated and unmyelinated primary
afferent axons form contacts with cholinergic interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Exp. Brain
Res. 145: 448-456. (Author; initiated, supervised and performed aspects experimental work
reported). ||
43.Sutherland, F.I., Bannatyne, B.A., Kerr, R., Riddell, J.S. and. Maxwell,D.J. (2002)
Inhibitory amino acid transmitters associated with axons in presynaptic apposition to cutaneous
primary afferent axons in the cat spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 452: 154-162. (Author;
initiated, supervised and performed aspects experimental work reported). ||
44.0lave, M.J. and Maxwell. D.J. (2002) An investigation of neurons that possess the a2cadrenergic receptor in the rat dorsal horn. Neuroscience, 115, 31-40. (Co-author; initiated and
supervised experimental work reported). ||
45.Todd, A.J., Hughes, D.I.. Polgar, E., Nagy, G.G., Mackie, M., Ottersen, O.P. and Maxwell,
D.J. (2003) The expression of vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in
neurochemically-defined axonal populations in the rat spinal cord with emphasis on the dorsal
horn. Eur. J. Neuroscience. 17, 13-27. (Co-author; supervised aspects of experimental work
reported). ||
46.Maxwell, D. J., Kerr, R., Rashid S. and Anderson E. (2003) Characterisation of axon terminals
in the rat dorsal horn that are immunoreactive for serotonin 5-HT3A receptor subunits. Exp.
Brain Res. 149, 114-124. (Author; initiated, supervised and performed aspects experimental
work reported). ||
47. Olave, M.J. and Maxwell, D.J. (2003) Axon terminals possessing the a2c-adrenergic receptor
in the rat dorsal horn are predominantly excitatory. Brain Res. 965, 269-273. (Co-author;
initiated and supervised experimental work reported). ||
48.Polgar, E., Hughes, D.I., Riddell, J.S., Maxwell, D.J., Puskar, Z. and Todd, A.J. (2003)
Selective loss ofGABAergic or glycinergic is not necessary for the development of thermal
hyperalgesia in the chronic constriction model of neuropathic pain. Pain. 104, 299-239. (Co-author; collaborative study with A. Todd. Supervised some aspects of experimental work
reported). ||
49.Stewart, W. and Maxwell, D.J. (2003) Distribution and organisation of dorsal horn neuronal
cell bodies that possess the muscarinic m2 acetylcholine receptor. Neuroscience 119, 121-135.
(Co-author; initiated and supervised experimental work reported). ||
50.Mackie. M., Hughes, D.I., Maxwell, D.J., Tillakaratine, N.J.K. and Todd, A.J. (2003)
Distribution and colocalisation of glutamate decarboxylase isoforms in the rat spinal cord.
Neuroscience 119, 461-472. (Co-author; collaborative study with A. Todd. Supervised and
performed some aspects of experimental work reported). ||
51 .Olave, M.J. and Maxwell, D.J. (2003) Neurokinin-1 projection cells in the rat dorsal horn
receive synaptic contacts from axons that possess a.2c-adrenergic receptors J. Neurosci. 23,
6837-6846. (Co-author; initiated and supervised experimental work reported). ||
52.Bannatyne, B.A., Edgley, S.A., Hammar, I., Jankowska, E. and Maxwell D.J. (2003) Networks
of inhibitory and excitatory commissural interneurons mediating crossed reticulospinal
actions. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18, 2273-2284. (Author; collaborative study with E. Jankowska.
initiated and performed morphological aspects of experimental work reported). ||
53.Hammar, I., Bannatyne, B.A. Maxwell, D.J., Edgley, S. A. and Jankowska, E. (2004) The
actions of monoamines and distribution of noradrenergic and serotoninergic contacts on
different subpopulations of commissural interneurons in the cat spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci.
19, 1305-1316. (Co-author; collaborative study with E. Jankowska. Performed and supervised
morphological aspects of experimental work reported). ||
54.Olave, M.J. and Maxwell, D.J. (2004) Axon terminals possessing a2c-adrenergic receptors
densely innervate , neurons in the rat lateral spinal nucleus which respond to noxious
stimulation. Neuroscience 126, 391-403 (Co-author; initiated and supervised experimental
work reported)
55.Dougherty, K.J. Bannatyne, B.A., Jankowska, E., Krutki, P. and Maxwell D.J. (2005)
Membrane receptors involved in Modulation of responses of spinal dorsal horn interneurons
evoked by feline group II muscle afferents. J. Neurosci. 25, 584-593. (Co-author; collaborative
study with E. Jankowska. Supervised morphological aspects of experimental work reported). ||
56.Conte, D., Legg, E. D., McCourt, A. C., Silajdzic E.,, Nagy, G. G. and Maxwell. D.J. (2005)
Transmitter content, origins and connections of axons in the spinal cord that possess 5-HT3
receptors. Neuroscience, 134, 165-173. (Author; initiated, supervised and performed aspects
experimental work reported). ||
57.Wilson JM, Hartley R, Maxwell DJ, Todd AJ, Lieberam I, Kaltschmidt JA, Yoshida Y, Jessell
TM, Brownstone RM (2005) Conditional rhythmicity of ventral spinal interneurons defined by
expression of the Hb9 homeodomain protein. J Neurosci 25: 5710-5719 (Co-author;
collaborative study with R. Brownstone, A. Todd and T. Jessell. Performed morphological
aspects of experimental work reported). ||
58.Hughes DI, Mackie M. Nagy GG, Riddell JS, Maxwell DJ, Szabo G, Erdelyi F, Veress G,
Szucs P, Antal M, Todd AJ (2005) P boutons in lamina IX ofthe rodent spinal cord express
high levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and originate from cells in deep medial dorsal
horn. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102: 9038-9043. (Co-author; collaborative study with A.
Todd. Supervised and performed some aspects of experimental work reported). ||
59.Bannatyne. B.A., Edgley, S.A., Hammar, I., Jankowska, E. and Maxwell D.J. (2006)
Differential projections of excitatory and inhibitory dorsal horn interneurons relaying
information from group II muscle afferents in the cat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 26: 2871-2880
(Co-author; collaborative study with E. Jankowska. Performed, initiated and supervised
morphological aspects of experimental work reported). ||
60.Erika Polgar, Suzanne Thomson, David J. Maxwell, Khulood Al-Khater and Andrew J. Todd
(20
Cult: A Composite Novel
No full textCult (redacted)
The first component of the thesis is a composite novel called Cult which falls into two parts with seven narratives in each. Part 1 tracks the protagonist, Ellen, from her first involvement with the cult through to her eventually leaving it. Although fiction, the first half of the book answers the kinds of questions the author is asked when people discover that she was once a sannyasin (a follower of the guru Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh). While the experiences of meditation, group therapy and communal living are all faithfully rendered within the stories, the need for strong characters, narrative drive and a lightness of touch takes precedence.
Part 2 picks up Ellen’s story some twenty or so years later and explores what becomes of her in middle age. It also looks at other groups in society, such as academia, the law and the internet dating community which each have their own jargon, hierarchies, rituals and rules but are not considered to be cults.
The book examines the question raised in the Epigraph, ‘how do we be together when we feel so alone’ with a focus on relationships other than the familial and the romantic.
Collisions, Chasms and Connections: a Performative Exploration of the Composite Novel Form
The second part of the thesis is both a critical and creative response to three contemporary American books: Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout; A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan; and Legend of a Suicide by David Vann. The critical element comprises a close reading of the three books; a chronological reconstruction of their overarching storylines; and a consideration of what their authors have said about writing the books. It concludes that, in the composite novel, the simultaneous presentation of multiple views and storylines operate much like a 3D image to give the impression of depth to the characters and situations rendered. The creative element of the essay is a playful and personal response to the texts
Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students
No full textA randomized wait-list controlled trial (=295 university students) of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation program was conducted in an urban setting. Substance use was assessed by self-report at baseline and 3 months later. For smoking and illicit drug use, there were no significant differences between conditions. For alcohol use, sex X intervention condition interactions were significant; TM instruction lowered drinking rates among male but not female students. TM instruction could play a valuable role in reducing alcohol use among male university students. Limitations are noted, along with suggestions for further research
Return coefficient measurements for the MIT enriched uranium - D(2)O lattice.
No full textU.S. Navy (U.S.N.) author.http://archive.org/details/returncoefficien109451298
The principle of Ultra Vires and the local authorities’ decisions in England
No full textThe hypothesis of this thesis is that valid administrative decisions from local authorities are guaranteed via clear and precise enabling clauses in the primary legislation. Taking examples from local government in England, the author argues that the style of drafting local authorities’ legislations influences decisions taken by local authorities - so in attempting to exercise implied powers conferred by the imprecise enabling legislation and insufficient guidance, local authorities tend to go beyond intended legal powers and as a result take unreasonable, arbitrary and invalid decisions
The invisible artist: Arrangers in popular music (1950-2000): Their contribution and techniques
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is based on the research conducted by the author for the series,
Richard Niles' History of Pop Arranging, seven thirty-minute documentary
programmes for BBC Radio 2, researched, written and presented by the author and
broadcast in 2003. It also draws on interviews conducted by the author (and other
research) between 2002 and 2007 both for the radio series and for this thesis and on
the author's experience as a professional arranger in popular music working with
many of the genre's significant recording artists including Paul McCartney, Ray
Charles, Cher, Tina Turner, Westlife, Tears For Fears, Dusty Springfield, James
Brown, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie Minogue and producers including Trevor Hom, Steve
Lipson, Steve Mac and Steve Anderson.
It will be argued that the role of the arranger in popular music has often been
undervalued and that during a critical period of popular music history (1950-2000)
arrangers played a significant part in the evolution of musical content. This thesis is,
to the best of the author's knowledge, the first time (apart from the above mentioned
documentary) the subject has ever been examined. The arranger is "invisible" because musical arrangers are often un-credited on
record liner notes or in books or articles concerning popular music. A considerable
amount of research has been necessary to determine who wrote many of the
arrangements considered herein. Motown's Berry Gordy purposely kept the names of
musicians and arrangers off the records because he feared others might 'poach' the
trademark 'Motown Sound'. Other record labels considered the job of the arranger to
be reminiscent of an earlier era, diluting the Rock 'n' Roll image of emotion and
spontanaeity they wished to promote. Some producers and recording artists disliked
sharing credit for their work. Motown arranger David Van dePitte told the author that
arranging was "thankless and anonymous - a very service-oriented profession where
others often take credit for what you've done." Arranging has therefore remained an
intrinsically unseen art created by 'invisible' artists. By analyzing many recordings,
revealing the techniques and concepts they have used in their work to create popular
records, arrangers and their art will be made more 'visible'
LogUI: Contemporary Logging Infrastructure for Web-Based Experiments
No full textLogging user interactions is fundamental to capturing and subsequently analysing user behaviours in the context of web-based Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR). However, logging is often implemented within experimental apparatus in a piecemeal fashion, leading to incomplete or noisy data. To address these issues, we present the LogUI logging framework. We use (now ubiquitous) contemporary web technologies to provide an easy-to-use yet powerful framework that can capture virtually any user interaction on a webpage. LogUI removes many of the complexities that must be considered for effective interaction logging.Web Information System
The rise of securities markets : what can government do?
No full textUsing U.S. securities markets as a case history, the author explores the role securities markets play in economic development, how they emerge, and how regulation can make them more effective. Why the United States? Two centuries ago, it was a small undeveloped country with serious financial problems. It confronted those problems and, guided by Alexander Hamilton, creatively reformed its financial system, which then became a foundation of the U.S. economic infrastructure and a bulwark for long-term growth. When Hamilton's program established public credit and securitiesmarkets in the 1790s, U.S. citizens were immediately able to borrow from older, richer countries. U.S. wealth then increased until, by the end of the nineteenth century, U.S. residents began to lend and invest more abroad than they borrowed. During the 1820s and 1830s, the United States (usually state governments) borrowed large sums from foreign investors to build roads, canals, and early railroads, to make other transportation improvements, and to capitalize state banks. From the 1830s to the end of the century, still larger sums from overseas went into private U.S. railway companies that provided cheap transcontinental transportation. Most of this borrowing took the form of state and corporate bond sales to overseas investors. The pristine U.S. government credit established by Hamilton thus rubbed off on U.S. state and corporate debt. The British stock market did better than the U.S. market until the United States adopted security-market regulation (including disclosuire rules) under the SEC. Then the U.S. market became a world leader. The U.S. stock market developed more slowly than the bond market, but it both aided and benefited from foreign investment in U.S. bonds. Foreign investors preferred debt securities to equities, yet equities create a safety margin for bondholders who, because of this margin, are more willing to purchase and hold bonds. Foreign investors preferred bonds; U.S. investors, after exporting bonds, held more stocks than bonds at home. Why? Because good stock markets permit the conversion of equity securities into cash.Environmental Economics&Policies,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Housing Finance,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Financial Intermediation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
Between Maxwell and Micawber:Plotting the failure of the Equitable Life
No full textThis paper offers reflections on the failure of The Equitable Life Assurance Society. Noting that the collapse of this financial institution precipitated a raft of official inquiries, we provide a detailed analysis and 're-view' of the public inquiry report that was produced by Lord Penrose. The paper observes that Lord Penrose's text presents itself as a factual description of events. Yet we counter that this report remains, at root, a creative product which depends upon narrative strategies of characterisation and emplotment. Analysing the narrative resources and the broader narratological choices that underpin Lord Penrose's account of the Equitable affair, we suggest that this report turns upon a Maxwellian rendering of the drama's key protagonist. Questioning the assumptions, omissions and elisions which underpin this method of plotting the failure of the Equitable, we propose another means of characterising the drama's principal. Building upon a reading of David Copperfield, we proffer a Micawberish alternative to the Maxwellian autocrat favoured by Lord Penrose's text. Readers are invited to consider the relative merits of these contrasting narratives and are, furthermore, encouraged to reflect upon the manner in which the interplay between text, author and reader acts to shape public understanding of accounting, accountability and financial regulation more broadly
[Photograph 2012.201.B0385.0336]
No full textPhotograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Author Patricia Maxwell, who writes historical romances under the pseudonym Jennifer Blake, awaits her fans during a recent autograph session held in Henry Higgins book store, NW 23 and Meridian.
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