1,721,093 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Siblingship through the prism of autistic disorders
No full textObjet mineur des sciences sociales, la germanité en Europe est demeurée jusqu’à une période récente dans l’ombre de l’alliance et de la filiation. La relation de germanité est pourtant la relation de parenté a priori la plus longue à l’échelle d’une vie. Elle est également immuable et participe de la définition de la personne. Corollaire de cet apparent désintérêt : l’étude de la germanité occidentale n’est pas constituée en champ à proprement parler ; aucune unité théorico-méthodologique ne coalise les recherches existantes sur les frères et sœurs. Cette thèse poursuit donc deux objectifs indissociables : contribuer à la définition d’une anthropologie de la germanité en procédant à une analyse ethnographique de la germanité dans la France contemporaine au prisme des troubles du spectre autistique. Deux étapes préalables ont conditionné la mise en œuvre du premier objectif : (1) comprendre comment les sciences sociales – particulièrement l’anthropologie, le droit et la sociologie – se sont saisies des frères et sœurs pour (2) créer les conditions méthodologiques d’une approche anthropologique du rapport de germanité. Les deux premières parties de cette thèse traitent prioritairement de ces étapes. Le second objectif, consistant à saisir la germanité en pratique, s’est déployé à partir de l’hypothèse selon laquelle la présence au sein d’un groupe de germains d’un individu présentant des troubles autistiques offrait un prisme à travers lequel regarder les normes et pratiques contemporaines de la germanité. La troisième partie expose et met donc en regard un ensemble de cas construits au terme d’une enquête empirique mêlant pratiques d’entretien et d’observation. Contrairement à la filiation et à l’alliance, le rapport de germanité est peu déterminé par le droit. Il n’existe pas d’obligation mutuelle légale entre germains. Il est toutefois indéniable que des formes d’obligation morale s’expriment et se manifestent entre germains notamment lorsque l’un d’eux est en situation de vulnérabilité ou de dépendance. Cette thèse s’attache donc à décrire les ressors complexes de l’obligation morale à l’échelle des rapports de germanité. Elle rend compte des contradictions sur lesquelles se fonde le rapport de germanité dans la parenté française contemporaine et documente la façon dont ces contradictions trouvent à s’exprimer aux plans pratique et affectif dans l’exercice ordinaire de la germanité en présence d’un germain dépendant.Siblingship in Europe is a minor part of social studies. Until recently, the subject was overshadowed by alliance and filiation. However, siblingship theoretically represents the lengthiest relation of kin throughout one’s life. It is also immutable and plays a part in the definition of the individual. As a corollary to this apparent indifference, the study of Western siblingship does not constitute a field per se. No unity of theory and methodology exists to bring together the existing research on brothers and sisters. This dissertation, therefore, has two inseparable objectives: to contribute to the definition of an anthropology of siblingship, with an ethnographic analysis of siblingship in contemporary France seen through the prism of autistic spectrum disorders. Two preliminary stages have influenced the implementation of the first objective: (1) understanding how social studies –especially anthropology, law and sociology– have engaged with the topic of brothers and sisters to (2) creating the methodological conditions of an anthropological approach of siblingship. The first two parts of this dissertation deal foremost with these stages. The second objective –understanding siblingship in practice– developed from this hypothesis: the presence of an individual displaying autistic disorders among a group of siblings offered a prism through which the norms and practices of contemporary siblingship could be observed. The third part presents and compares a body of case studies developed during an empirical survey involving interviews and observations. Unlike filiation and alliance, the law does not clearly outline siblingship. There are no legal mutual requirements between siblings. However, forms of moral obligations are undeniably expressed and manifested between siblings, particularly in situations of vulnerability or dependence. This dissertation undertakes a description of the intricate workings of moral obligation within siblingship. It reveals the contradictions upon which siblingship relationships are based in French contemporary kinship and documents how these contradictions are expressed in practice and in emotion in the ordinary exercise of siblingship in the presence of a dependent sibling
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Health behaviors of Lebanese school-age children and health promotion - Focus on links between health promotion in schools and adolescent smoking : effects of family, friends and school
No full textCONTEXTE : De nombreux facteurs contribuent au tabagisme chez les jeunes. La famille est l'environnement où les comportements sociaux sont adoptés. Les liens avec les parents servent de facteur de protection pour la déviance des adolescents. Les pairs affectent les comportements en influençant normes et valeurs, et en établissant une identité sociale et culturelle. Les écoles développent des stratégies pour faire de la vie saine une compétence pour l'élève. Plusieurs pays adoptent la promotion de la santé dans les écoles. OBJECTIFS : Décrire la consommation de cigarettes et pipes à eau des jeunes Libanais et évaluer l'influence de la famille, les amis et l'école. Pour évaluer le rôle de l'école, la Promotion de la santé a été abordée. MÉTHODES : Une étude d'observation transversale prospective a été menée d'octobre 2016 à avril 2017. 32 des 61 écoles approchées ont accepté de participer. Deux questionnaires ont été utilisés, un pour les administrateurs scolaires et un pour les élèves. Les administrateurs ont rempli le questionnaire de promotion de la santé. Les élèves un questionnaire issu HBSC. Les âges étaient de 11 à 20 ans. Les écoles concernées ont approuvé l'étude. Les moyennes et les écarts-types ont été utilisés pour les variables continues et les tableaux de fréquence pour les variables catégorielles. Le Chi-carré a été réalisé pour révéler les associations entre le tabagisme et des variables telles que le sexe, la région et le statut socio-économique. Toutes les valeurs de p rapportées étaient à double face avec l'ensemble alpha à une signification de 0,05. RESULTATS : 7117 élèves ont été étudiés (54,43% de filles), répartis entre le complémentaire (58,44%) et le secondaire (41,56%). La prévalence de l'expérimentation du tabac, de la pipe à eau et des deux simultanément était respectivement de 24,93%, 34,06% et 22,8%. Dans le cas de l'expérimentation du tabac, les risques étaient plus faibles chez les filles (OR=0,53), mais plus élevés chez les élèves des classes sociales supérieures, et chez les adolescents sans parents (OR=2,37) ou avec un parent (OR=1,49) par rapport à deux parents. L'expérimentation de la cigarette a été évaluée en fonction de la famille, des amis et de l'école; elle est plus susceptible de se produire chez les adolescents d'une famille de 1 enfant (OR=1,09), dont les parents fument (OR=1,62) et qui ont un statut socioéconomique élevé (OR= 1,13). Les résultats étaient statistiquement significatifs entre le tabagisme et le contact avec des amis plus de 3-4 jours (valeur P <0,0001). Plus la performance à l'école est faible, plus les chances d'expérimenter la cigarette sont grandes. Des résultats similaires ont été rapportés concernant l'expérimentation de la pipe à eau. Certains consomment la pipe à eau moins d'une fois par semaine (6,42%), d'autres 1 à 2 fois par semaine (7,26%) et plus de 3 fois par semaine (5,78%). Pour ce qui est de fumer tous les jours, les chances étaient plus élevées chez les garçons (OR= 3,21), chez ceux qui avaient un statut socio-économique plus élevé (OR=1,84) et chez ceux qui avaient un père fumeur (RC=1,66). Pour la pipe à eau, les chances étaient plus élevées chez les garçons (OR=1,46), sans parents (OR=3,60), avec de bonnes relations faciles avec le sexe opposé (OR=1,28), ceux ayant un contact élevé avec des amis et de faibles performances scolaires. Les risques de consommation élevée de pipe à eau = 3 fois par semaine étaient plus élevées chez les adolescents ayant de faibles performances scolaires. CONCLUSION : L'étude a révélé des taux alarmants de consommation de produits du tabac chez les adolescents libanais, malgré les programmes de prévention dans les écoles. Cette augmentation est probablement due à l'utilisation de la pipe à eau dans la société et de l'idée fausse qu'elle n'est pas aussi nocive que les cigarettes. Les effets de la famille, les amis et les écoles ne doivent pas être négligés.BACKGROUND: Adolescent behavior predicts health behaviors and status in adulthood. Many factors contribute to young people's smoking. Family is an important context for the development of the child, the environment in which social behaviors are adopted. Bonds with parents serve as a protective factor for adolescent deviance. Peers affect health behaviors by influencing norms and values, and establishing a social and cultural identity. Schools develop new strategies to make healthy living a skill for the student. Many countries adopt health promotion in schools. OBJECTIVES: Describe the Lebanese youth's consumption of cigarettes and waterpipes, and assess the influence of family, friends, and school. To assess the school roles, Health Promotion was tackled. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional observational study conducted from October 2016 till April 2017. Convenient sampling method was followed; 32 out of 61 schools approached accepted to participate. Two questionnaires were used, one for school administrators and one for students. Administrators filled the health promotion questionnaire of 26 questions. Students filled the adapted HBSC questionnaire of 61 questions. Ages ranged from 11 to 20 years old, including students from 6th till 12th grade. The schools involved approved the study design. A proposal was sent prior to enrollment. The study did not pose any risk to the participants. Data were stripped of personal information. The investigator performed the interviews. Means and standard deviations (SD) were used for continuous variables, and frequency tables for the categorical variables. Chi-square was performed to reveal associations between smoking and variables like gender, region, and socio-economic status. All reported p-values were two-sided with the alpha set at a significance of 0.05. To decrease confounding bias, multiple logistic regressions were carried out, after ensuring sample adequacy. RESULTS: 7117 students were studied (54.43% females), they were distributed between intermediate classes (58.44%) and high school (41.56%). The prevalence of experimentation of cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking and both behaviors were 24.93%, 34.06% and 22.8%, respectively. For smoking experimentation, the odds were lower among females (OR=0.53), but higher among students of higher classes, and higher among adolescents with no parents (OR=2.37) or one parent (OR=1,49) versus two parents. Cigarette experimentation was assessed in terms of family, friends and school; cigarette smoking experimentation is more likely to occur among adolescent in a family of 1 child (OR=1.09), having parents who smoke (OR=1.62) and of high socio-economic status (OR= 1.13). Results were statistically significant between smoking and contact with friends of more than 3-4 days (P-value <0.0001). The lower the performance at school, the more the odds of cigarette smoking experimentation. Similar results were reported regarding waterpipe experimentation. Some consumed waterpipe at low frequency less than once per week (6.42%), others 1-2 times per week (7.26%) and more than 3 times per week (5.78%). For daily smoking habit, the odds of cigarette smoking were higher among males (OR=3.21), those with higher socio-economic status (OR=1.84), and if the father smokes (OR=1.66). Regarding waterpipe, the odds were higher among males (OR=1.46), with no parents (OR=3.60), with good and easy relations with the opposite sex (OR=1.28), those with high contact with friends, and low school performance. The odds of high waterpipe consumption = 3 times per week were higher among adolescents with low school performance. CONCLUSION: The study revealed alarming rates of use of tobacco products for Lebanese adolescents, despite the prevention programs at the schools. Family, friends and schools effects are not to be neglected. The results raise important policy implications for the development of smoking prevention programs for the youth in Lebanon
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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