44,041 research outputs found
Microfinance And self-help finance system to reduce poverty from Pakistan: an it-based solution
No full textThe aim of this paper is to find out the techniques and suggest computer-based solution to reduce poverty from Pakistan, and suggest sustainable management of micro-Finance and Self-help Finance systems. Literature review at national and international level reveals that many researchers have attempted to suggest microfinance as a tool to reduce poverty. Self-help financing blended with donor’s finance is also successfully being practiced. Model of Grameen Bank is also being replicated with some modification as per demand of the localities, as there is always a room for improvement with scientific and technological inventions. Computer technology, as it is already playing its role in various fields, can be fruitfully utilized for proper management of this proposed project. Presently NADRA e-Sahulat and Telenor’s easy paisa are programs that have capability to help the masses with maximum accuracy in the financial transactions. Some studies also encourage establishing a microfinance bank, with small deposits plus donor’s funds, to be electronically managed by NGOs and controlled by organizations of indigenous peoples in villages. This study concludes that by reducing manpower intermediate-expenditure and irregularities will reduce poverty and will help in saving the amount for maximizing their own welfare. Presently, facilities are already available with latest technology, which if modified and innovated will bear fruit. This study suggested that how national and international donor Agencies should get accurate real-time information relating dissemination of their funds in right-hands, with to increased efficiency and decreased management expenditure.Microfinance; Self-Help Finance; NADRA e-Sahulat; Tameer Bank and Easypaisa
Micro-Optics Fabrication on Top of Optical Fibers Using Two-Photon Lithography
No full textWe describe the fabrication of different micro-optical structures on top of optical fibers using two-photon polymerization. We show the convenience of this approach to quickly create generic three-dimensional shapes using a single setup by comparison to previous shape-dependent methods. A set of different structures, designed for different optical functions, are fabricated and characterized to demonstrate the versatility of this approach and their high optical quality
Microfinance and Self-Help Finance System to Reduce Poverty from Pakistan: An It-Based Solution
No full textThe aim of this paper is to find out the techniques and suggest computer-based solution to reduce poverty from Pakistan, and suggest sustainable management of micro-Finance and Self-help Finance systems. Literature review at national and international level reveals that many researchers have attempted to suggest microfinance as a tool to reduce poverty. Self-help financing blended with donor’s finance is also successfully being practiced. Model of Grameen Bank is also being replicated with some modification as per demand of the localities, as there is always a room for improvement with scientific and technological inventions. Computer technology, as it is already playing its role in various fields, can be fruitfully utilized for proper management of this proposed project. Presently NADRA e-Sahulat and Telenor’s easy paisa are programs that have capability to help the masses with maximum accuracy in the financial transactions. Some studies also encourage establishing a microfinance bank, with small deposits plus donor’s funds, to be electronically managed by NGOs and controlled by organizations of indigenous peoples in villages. This study concludes that by reducing manpower intermediate-expenditure and irregularities will reduce poverty and will help in saving the amount for maximizing their own welfare. Presently, facilities are already available with latest technology, which if modified and innovated will bear fruit. This study suggested that how national and international donor Agencies should get accurate real-time information relating dissemination of their funds in right-hands, with to increased efficiency and decreased management expenditure.Microfinance; Self-Help Finance; NADRA e-Sahulat; Tameer Bank and Easypaisa
Seminário sobre aquacultura 14 a 16 de dezembro de 1983
No full textA necessidade de desenvolver a aquacultura em Portugal obriga à escolha das espécies mais indicadas para tal finalidade. A propósito o autor chama a atenção para as graves consequências que podem advir das introduções e/ou transferências de animais aquáticos, quer para as espécies locais e meio ambiente, como para a para a saúde pública.Concerning the need to choose the most convenient species to cultivate in order to implement aquaculture in Portugal, the author draws the attention to the deleterious consequences of introductions and transfers of aquatic animals.Caixa Geral de Depósito
Silver-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate fabrication using nanolithography and site selective electroless deposition
No full textIn this work active SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) substrates are obtained by electron beam lithography and site selective electroless deposition technique. The combination of these two techniques allows to obtain well-defined metal structures, with a considerable advantage in Raman signal enhancement and in device reproducibility. The active-substrates are composed of silver, gold or a combination of the two metals, with different nanoparticles characteristics, obtained by varying metal deposition time. Rhodamine 6G was used as probe molecules for SERS experiments, showing that this new active substrate has high sensitivity to SERS response and allows to give Raman scattering also for diluted solutions (10−20 M)
Superhydrophobic surfaces as smart platforms for the analysis of diluted biological solutions
No full textThe aim of this paper is to expound on the rational design, fabrication and development of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) for the manipulation and analysis of diluted biological solutions. SHSs typically feature a periodic array or pattern of micropillars; here, those pillars were modified to incorporate on the head, at the smallest scales, silver nanoparticles aggregates. These metal nanoclusters guarantee superior optical properties and especially SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) effects, whereby a molecule, adsorbed on the surface, would reveal an increased spectroscopy signal. On account of their two scale-hybrid nature, these systems are capable of multiple functions which are (i) to concentrate a solution, (ii) to vehicle the analytes of interest to the active areas of the substrate and, therefore, (iii) to measure the analytes with exceptional sensitivity and very low detection limits. Forasmuch, combining different technologies, these devices would augment the performance of conventional SERS substrates and would offer the possibility of revealing a single molecule. In this work, similar SHSs were used to detect Rhodamine molecules in the fairly low atto molar range. The major application of this novel family of devices would be the early detection of tumors or other important pathologies, with incredible advances in medicine
Redox-Responsive Nanocapsules for the Spatiotemporal Release of Miltefosine in Lysosome: Protection against Leishmania
No full textLeishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease, is caused by intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani. Unlike most intracellular pathogens, Leishmania donovani are lodged in parasitophorous vacuoles and replicate within the phagolysosomes in macrophages. Effective vaccines against this disease are still under development, while the efficacy of the available drugs is being questioned owing to the toxicity for nonspecific distribution in human physiology and the reported drug-resistance developed by Leishmania donovani. Thus, a stimuli-responsive nanocarrier that allows specific localization and release of the drug in the lysosome has been highly sought after for addressing two crucial issues, lower drug toxicity and a higher drug efficacy. We report here a unique lysosome targeting polymeric nanocapsules, formed via inverse mini-emulsion technique, for stimuli-responsive release of the drug miltefosine in the lysosome of macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. A benign polymeric backbone, with a disulfide bonding susceptible to an oxidative cleavage, is utilized for the organelle-specific release of miltefosine. Oxidative rupture of the disulfide bond is induced by intracellular glutathione (GSH) as an endogenous stimulus. Such a stimuli-responsive release of the drug miltefosine in the lysosome of macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line over a few hours helped in achieving an improved drug efficacy by 200 times as compared to pure miltefosine. Such a drug formulation could contribute to a new line of treatment for leishmaniasis.A. Das acknowledges SERB (India) Grants (CRG/2020/000492 and JCB/2017/000004) and DBT Grant (BT/PR22251/NNT/28/1274/2017) for supporting this research. N. Mukherjee acknowledges SERB (India) Grant PDF/2016/001437 and K. Das acknowledges the grant EMR/2015/001674 for supporting this research. Financial support from DST (DST/INSPIRE/03/2017/002477) is acknowledged by R.T. This manuscript bears CSMCRI registration no 7/2021.Pramanik, SK (corresponding author), CSIR Cent Salt & Marine Chem Res Inst, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
Mukherjee, N (corresponding author), CSIR Indian Inst Chem Biol, Canc Biol & Inflammatory Disorder Div, Kolkata 700032, India.
Chattopadhy, S (corresponding author), BITS Pilani, Pilani 403726, Goa, India.
Das, A (corresponding author), Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, W Bengal, India.
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Nano-patterned SERS substrate: application for protein analysis vs. temperature
No full textWe have illustrated the fabrication of nano-structures as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate using electro-plating and electron-beam lithography techniques to obtain an array of gold nanograin-aggregate structures of diameter ranging between 80 and 100 nm with interstitial gap of 10-30 nm. The nanostructure based SERS substrate permits us to have better control and reproducibility on generation of plasmon polaritons. The calculation shows the possible detection of myoglobin concentration down to attomole. This SERS substrate is used to investigate the structural changes of different proteins; lysozyme, ribonuclease-B, bovin serum albumin and myoglobin in the temperature range between -65 and 90 degrees C. The in-depth analysis even for small conformational changes is performed using 2D Raman correlation analysis and difference Raman analysis in order to gain straightforward understanding of proteins undergoing thermodynamical perturbation
FT-IR, Raman, RRS measurements and DFT calculation for doxorubicin
No full textDoxorubicin (DOXO) is a powerful anthracycline antibiotic used to treat many human neoplasms, including acute leukemias, lymphomas, stomach, breast and ovarian cancer, and bone tumors, yet causing cardiotoxicity at the same time. For this reason, there is a great interest in medical field to gain deep insight and knowledge of this molecule. Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy, and Resonance Raman scattering were performed for the vibrational characterization of DOXO molecule. Density function theorem (DFT) modeling of Raman and FT-IR spectra were used for the assignment of the vibrational frequencies. The optimized molecular structured was obtained, first, on the basis of potential energy distribution. The simulation for vibrational bands is based on the calculations for internal force constants and potential energy distribution matrices. The calculated DOXO vibrational bands show qualitative agreement with the experimental observations (FT-IR absorption and Raman scattering)
Interview with Indra Das
No full textIndra Das is most well-recognized as the author of The Devourers (2015), a novel that won the Lambda Literary Award for straddling the genres of sci-fi, speculative, and fantasy fiction alongside LGBT themes. Das’s short fiction is widely published is horror and sci-fi anthologies, as well as magazines like Tor.com, Strange Horizons, and Asimov’s Science Fiction. He spoke candidly with Alok Amatya over email about the current literary landscape, the work of writing transgressive genre fiction, and his own experiences as an upcoming global author
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