1,402 research outputs found
Microbiome profiling reveals a microbial dysbiosis during a natural outbreak of tenacibaculosis (Yellow Mouth) in Atlantic salmon
No full textTenacibaculosis remains a major health issue for a number of important aquaculture species globally. On the west coast of Canada, yellow mouth (YM) disease is responsible for significant economic loss to the Atlantic salmon industry. While Tenacibaculum maritimum is considered to be the primary agent of clinical YM, the impact of YM on the resident microbial community and their influence on the oral cavity is poorly understood. Using a 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis, the present study demonstrates a significant dysbiosis and a reduction in diversity of the microbial community in the YM affected Atlantic salmon. The microbial community of YM affected fish was dominated by two amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of T. maritimum, although other less abundant ASVs were also found. Interestingly clinically unaffected (healthy) and YM surviving fish also had a high relative abundance of T. maritimum, suggesting that the presence of T. maritimum is not solely responsible for YM. A statistically significant association was observed between the abundance of T. maritimum and increased abundance of Vibrio spp. within fish displaying clinical signs of YM. Findings from our study provide further evidence that YM is a complex multifactorial disease, characterized by a profound dysbiosis of the microbial community which is dominated by distinct ASVs of T. maritimum. Opportunistic taxa, including Vibrio spp., may also play a role in clinical disease progression.Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanada Excellence Research ChairsUniversity of Prince Edward Islan
A class of Frattini-like subgroups of a finite group
No full textAbstractLet G be a finite group and π a set of primes. We consider the families of subgroups of G:F1 = {M: M ⋖ G, |G : M|π = 1}F2 = {M: M ⋖ G, |G : M|π = 1, |G : M| is composite}. Denote Φπ(G) = ∩ {M: M ϵ F1} if F1 is nonempty, otherwise Φπ(G) = G and Sπ (G) = ∩ {M: M ϵ F2} if F2 is nonempty, otherwise Sπ(G) = G. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these subgroups further
Effects of SB203580 on YM-08’s amplification of PGE<sub>1</sub>-stimulated IL-6 release in MC3T3-E1 cells.
No full textThe cultured cells were preincubated with 30 μM of SB203580 or vehicle for 60 min, subsequently pretreated with 10 μM of YM-08 or vehicle for 60 min, and then stimulated with 10 μM of PGE1 or vehicle for 48 h. IL-6 concentrations of the conditioned media were determined by ELISA. Each value represents the mean ± SEM of triplicate determinations from three independent cell preparations. *p †p 1 alone. ‡p 1 with YM-08 pretreatment.</p
Resonant coupling of a SQUID to a mechanical resonator
No full textWe analyze the properties of a mechanical resonator embedded into a quantum SQUID and analyze under which conditions it is possible to realize a resonant coupling between the SQUID and the resonator. We find, within the present technology, how it is possible to tune the system into the regime where the plasma frequency of the SQUID matches the resonator frequency and maximizes the corresponding coupling. In these conditions the doubly degenerate quantum level of the system is split by the coupling between the SQUID and the resonator.QN/Quantum NanoscienceApplied Science
Effect of YM-08 on the PGE<sub>1</sub>-stimulated IL-6 release in MC3T3-E1 cells.
No full textThe cultured cells were pretreated with 10 μM of YM-08 for 60 min and then stimulated with 10 μM of PGE1 or vehicle for 48 h. IL-6 concentrations of the culture medium were determined by ELISA. Each value represents the mean ± SEM of triplicate determinations from three independent cell preparations. *p †p 1 alone.</p
Trade liberalization, fiscal adjustment, and exchange rate policy in India
No full textThe authors investigate the impact of India's program of economic stabilization and trade liberalization launched in 1991, a year when the country was in the throes of a foreign exchange crisis. The authors address a key policy tradeoff between trade liberalization and fiscal adjustment arising from India's heavy dependence on tariffs for public revenues. They give quantitative expression to how trade liberalization should be coordinated both with fiscal adjustment - that is, a combination of trade-neutral tax increases and expenditure reduction and with a policy of exchange rate changes to restore both internal and external equilibrium. This paper asks: What is the impact of a reduction in the fiscal deficit characteristic of stabilization programs on tax and expenditure levels, on the real exchange rate, and the current account deficit? What is the effect of a significant trade liberalization without additional external financing on macroeconomic variables such as the required degree of fiscal adjustment and change in the real exchange rate, and, at a more disaggregated level, on output levels in different export-oriented and import-substituting sectors of the economy? What would the impact of such trade liberalization look like should substantive external financing become available without the need for domestic fiscal adjustment? The questions are explored using a general equilibrium model of the Indian economy that focuses on the consequences of trade policy reform. Policymakers are, however, also interested in how various import-substituting industries would be adversely affected by trade liberalization and how particular export-oriented industries would gain from it. These objectives are reconciled by the innovative expedient of implementing two models on a common data base: 1) a disaggregated 72-sector (price sensitive) input-output version that makes simplified assumptions regarding certain economywide relationships; and 2) an aggregated 6-sector version that pays attention to those relationships and can suggest what corrections ought to be made to the results of the sectorally disaggregated analysis. The policy questions were answered for the eve of the 1991 economic reform program launched by India's policymakers. Developments in the principal macroeconomic aggregates in the first two years of the liberalization process were then compared with the outcomes of the model and generally found to correspond closely. This finding encouraged an updating of the model for fiscal 1992-93 and its deployment to analyze the consequences of a set of further economic reforms for subsequent years. The authors conclude by suggesting that the approach developed for this paper could provide broad indications of the economywide and sectoral consequences of pursuing the unfinished agenda of reforms facing policymakers not only in India but in other developing countries as well.Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Consumption,EnvironmentalEconomics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Economic Stabilization,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Consumption
68. Dlaczego człowiek chodzi na bal
No full textCzłowiek przez całe życie chodzi na bal. W roku 18‑ym idzie się na bal, na taniec, zabawa wesoła i szczęśliwa. W 25‑ym roku idzie człowiek na bal, lecz taniec już go nudzi, bawi się rozmową i kartami; przegrywa, niecierpliwi się i staje się chorym. W 30‑ym roku żeni się i idzie na bal, towarzysząc małżonce; jest to obowiązek, który atoli rzadko bawi. W 40‑ym roku idzie na bal z potrzeby i stosunku, rozmawia z osobami znakomitymi, potrzebuje ich protekcji i żyje w nadziei. W roku 50‑ym i 60‑y..
Improved hadronic measurements and spectral sums on the lattice
No full textIn this thesis we address several topics of lattice QCD.
As a first project we perform calculations of ground and excited states of light mesons. Especially the extraction of the excited states turns out be very difficult. Therefore we utilize the variational method, which requires the construction of a rich basis of different interpolating fields, i.e., lattice discretized operators which have the same quantum number as the desired states. To build such a basis we consider quarks with different spatial wavefunctions, including some that mimic orbital excitations.
In the second project, we develop a new improvement scheme to compute estimates of all-to-all quark propagators, i.e., quark propagators which connect each point on the lattice to all others. For that purpose we decompose the lattice in two disjoint regions or domains which allows to significantly reduce the amount of random variables used in the estimation process. As a first major application of this improvement scheme, we compute the spectrum of heavy-light hadrons, i.e., hadrons containing one very heavy quark (bottom) and one or more light quarks (up, down, strange). To reduce the computational costs for the heavy quark, we describe it by means of the lowest order of heavy quark effective theory and thus treat it as infinitely heavy. From our calculations we are able to extract several ground and excited meson states and even a number of baryon ground states.
In the last project, we study two very important features of QCD: Confinement and spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. Both of them are temperature dependent: As the temperature is increased above a critical value, the theory becomes deconfined and chiral symmetry is restored. The temperature, at which these phase transitions take place, is approximately the same at least for zero baryon density. To study a possible connection between these phenomena, we try to relate the order parameters of the phase transitions.
In pure Yang-Mills theory the order parameter for the confinement-deconfinement transition is the Polyakov loop. The order parameter for the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is given by the chiral condensate, which is related to the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator. It has been shown that also the Polyakov loop can be expressed in terms of these eigenvalues, as a spectral sum. In a first step we perform a numerical study of these sums. We find that the ordinary Polyakov loop is governed by the ultraviolet modes of the Dirac operator. Therefore, in a second step we define a new order parameter for confinement, the "dressed Polyakov loop". This quantity has two advantages: It can be expressed as a spectral sum which has a better convergence behavior (infrared dominated) and it is closely related to the quark condensate via a Fourier transformation. Also the spectral sums for the dressed Polyakov loop are investigated numerically
Detecting phonon blockade with photons
No full textMeasuring the quantum dynamics of a mechanical system, when few phonons are involved, remains a challenge. We show that a superconducting microwave resonator linearly coupled to the mechanical mode constitutes a very powerful probe for this scope. This new coupling can be much stronger than the usual radiation pressure interaction by adjusting a gate voltage. We focus on the detection of phonon blockade, showing that it can be observed by measuring the statistics of the light in the cavity. The underlying reason is the formation of an entangled state between the two resonators. Our scheme realizes a phonotonic Josephson junction, giving rise to coherent oscillations between phonons and photons as well as a self-trapping regime for a coupling smaller than a critical value. The transition from the self-trapping to the oscillating regime is also induced dynamically by dissipation.QN/Quantum NanoscienceApplied Science
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