1,721,199 research outputs found
A comparative view of human and mouse telencephalon inhibitory neuron development
No full textHuman GABAergic inhibitory neurons (INs) in the telencephalon play crucial roles in modulating neural circuits, generating cortical oscillations, and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition. The major IN subtypes are based on their gene expression profiles, morphological diversity and circuit-specific functions. Although previous foundational work has established that INs originate in the ganglionic eminence regions in mice, recent studies have questioned origins in humans and non-human primates. We review the origins of INs in mice and compare with recent findings from primary human prenatal brain tissue culture experiments and lineage analysis from somatic variants in neurotypical human cadavers and human brain organoids. Together, these studies suggest potential primate- or human-specific processes that may have been overlooked in mouse models and could have implications for brain disorders.
Post-zygotic brain mosaicism as a result of partial reversion of pre-zygotic aneuploidy
Get PDFBrain somatic mosaicism is linked to several neurological disorders, thought to arise post-zygotically. The recent study by Miller et al. suggests prezygotic aneuploidy followed by postzygotic partial reversion leads to a recurrent form of brain mosaicism-related epilepsy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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Elucidating the Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Recessive Pediatric Brain Disease
Get PDFThe structural organization and maturation of the brain are the result of a precisely orchestrated series of developmental processes with complex genetic regulation that occur during embryonic gestation and are critical for neuronal identity, wiring and connectivity. Mutations affecting any of the cellular processes involved in proper human brain development can lead to altered neurodevelopment and result in a number of different neurological diseases. Such diseases arising as a consequence of a biallelic mutation in a single gene are much more prevalent among offspring of consanguineous marriages, increasing the odds that a deleterious mutation will be inherited on both chromosomes. The identification of a disease-causing gene in families with inherited brain disorders is one of the most useful methods for gaining insight into human brain development, function, and pathology. This study largely focuses on identifying novel mutations in both known and novel recessive pediatric brain diseases using next-generation sequencing approaches in combination with in vitro and in vivo modeling. By taking advantage of the large number of consanguineous families in our cohort, we are not only able to explore the cause of disease directly in humans, but also able to determine genetic disease risk and identify novel disease-causing variants with a high level of certainty. A total of 88 affected individuals were identified and studied from 46 families displaying a range of SBDs including neurodegeneration (i.e. cortical and cerebellar atrophy), microlissencephaly, PCH, and Joubert syndrome, among other symptoms. A total of six disease-causing genes, ADPRHL2, TMX2, TRAPPC4, HEATR5B, HPDL, and ARMC9 were identified, four of which had never been implicated in disease prior to this study. We were further able to model disease in vivo for three out of the five genes (ADPRHL2, HEATR5B, and HPDL) using either fly or mouse models. Taken together, this study not only provides further knowledge in identifying novel causes of both previously unknown diseases as well as known diseases with unknown cause, but also provides further promise to the application of NGS in revealing the full spectrum of mutations associated with these diseases and in further delineating the relevant molecular pathways involved
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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