1,720,971 research outputs found
POSITIVE ENERGY DISTRICTS: EUROPEAN RESEARCH AND PILOT PROJECTS Focus on the Mediterranean area
No full textThe Action Plan 3.2 of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) introduces the concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), identifying in the district scale the ideal field of investigation to achieve the sustainable urban development goals set by Agenda 2030. The paper outlines the European research orientation on PEDs by drawing the state-of-art of the leading programs, partnerships and Research & Innovation projects. The central aim of this review is to investigate the specificities of PEDs and sustainable districts in the Mediterranean countries, where there are currently few but promising pilot projects. The research focus is on PEDs potential to improve the quality of life in existing urban context, crucial for the Mediterranean area. Finally, the research analyses some Italian ongoing projects as examples of PEDs applied to existing contexts
Energy Community in Action—Energy Citizenship Contract as Tool for Climate Neutrality
Full text linkCities are responsible for 65% of energy consumption and for the 70% of CO2 emissions. Incisive actions are fundamental to bring cities towards climate neutrality by 2050 working by and for the citizens. For this reason, the “100 climate-neutral cities Mission” anticipates the target of climate neutrality by 2030. The objective of this paper, developed within the H2020 GRETA project—GReen Energy Transition Actions (GA101022317), is to investigate energy communities and climate city contracts as key interventions to face the ambitious goal of implementing citizens-centered and climate-neutral cities. To achieve this objective, this paper is structured as follows: (1) an updated framework of European and Italian legislation concerning energy communities; (2) an overview of climate city contracts’ definition and key aspects; (3) a selection and analysis of energy communities’ case studies; (4) a description of already developed pilot climate city contracts. The results provide more advanced knowledge about EU energy communities strategies and about the possible contractual agreements that can guarantee commitment between parties and can allow the active participation of citizens in the energy system. The lessons learned contribute to the application in the GRETA Italian case study, whose first participation activities are also described in the paper
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND GREENING STRATEGIES AS ENABLING PRACTICES FOR INCLUSIVE AND RESILIENT CITIES
Full text linkThe climate change challenges call for innovative and sustainable policies and governance models, capable of achieving adaptation and mitigation goals working on a necessary behavioural societal change, both at individual and collective levels.
Cities and their public spaces represent an ideal ground for the implementation of innovative strategies, which combine participatory and engagement practices to physical transformations of urban areas in a regenerative perspective.
Co-design and participatory paths can trigger reactivation and re-appropriation of underused spaces, generate new dynamics in the public space use and provide effective solutions to tackle climate change, improving outdoor microclimatic comfort conditions. The implementation of demonstrative and temporary interventions – based on greening actions co-created with local administrations, stakeholders and citizens and supported by technologies – represents a viable and effective practice in order to experiment, test, monitor and evaluate shared pathways to more liveable, resilient and sustainable cities.
This combined approach was experimented in the Bologna University area by the EU Horizon 2020 project ROCK – Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural Heritage in Creative and Knowledge Cities (GA 730280) – through a series of pilot actions aimed at public open space utilization and potential enhancement in particular in the historical city centres, generating new resilient processes in terms of environmental sustainability and social inclusion
L’impatto della morfologia urbana e della vegetazione sulla qualità dell’aria
No full textGli spazi urbani sono spesso caratterizzati da bassi livelli di qualità dell’aria. Si rende pertanto necessario agire contemporaneamente a scala globale, con azioni mirate alla diminuzione delle emissioni, ed a scala locale, con azioni volte alla riduzione delle concentrazioni di inquinanti.Outdoor air pollution is an important environmental health problem affecting in particular people living in dense urban areas. The existing policies mainly aim to act directly on the source of pollution by fixing national emission thresholds for the main air pollutants and by boosting the use of energy-efficiency measures in urban planning and the spread of low-exhaust emission vehicles in the transport sector. Thanks to these effective policies, emissions have decreased considerably over the past decades, however, air pollutants concentrations are still too high and air quality problem persists.
Mitigation actions, aimed at reducing pollutants concentrations, can be significant if applied at local scale to the most vulnerable areas of the city. The research focuses on how buildings arrangement and vegetation distribution could effectively contribute in retaining, or dispersing, air pollutants in order to obtain more liveable and healthier outdoor urban spaces
Strategie e tecnologie abilitanti per PED misti: efficienza tra smart cities e industria 4.0. = Enabling strategies for mixed-used PEDs: energy efficiency between smart cities and Industry 4.0
No full textIl Green Deal pone al centro delle politiche la necessità di agire per raggiungere gli obiettivi di neutralità climatica entro il 2050. In questo contesto il ruolo del patrimonio edilizio esistente è rilevante. Nonostante esso sia responsabile del 40% dei consumi energetici, solo l’1% viene coinvolto in interventi di ristrutturazione profonda. Sulla scia delle strategie Smart City e al fine di migliorare queste prestazioni, l’Europa propone sperimentazioni come i Positive Energy Districts e le strategie Industria 4.0. Il contributo analizza casi studio e progetti innovativi con l’obiettivo di identificare le azioni strategiche più rilevanti e utilizza un caso reale, nella città di Bologna, come contesto base da cui sviluppare una riflessione.The Green Deal places at the centre of its policies the need to act in order to achieve climate neutrality goals by 2050. In this context, the role of cities and, in particular, of already existing buildings is relevant. Although they are responsible for 40% of energy consumption, only 1% are involved in major restructuring processes. In the context of smart city strategies and to improve their performances, Europe proposes various approaches such as Positive Energy Districts and Industry 4.0. This paper analyses case studies and innovative European projects with the aim of identifying the most relevant strategic actions. Eventually, it presents a real case in the city of Bologna as a basepoint for the reflection proposed
TEMPORARY TRASFORMATIONS TO ACCESS AND EXPERIENCE SUSTAINABLE CITY PUBLIC SPACES
No full textThe challenges of contemporary urban regeneration processes call for innovative and sustainable operating models and strategies. Cultural Heritage acknowledgment and valorization, combined with participatory and engagement practices, can trigger reactivation and re-appropriation of underused urban spaces. Co-design, self-construction and participatory paths, through demonstrative and temporary actions, can generate new dynamics in the public space use, provide effective solutions to tackle climate change, improve outdoor microclimatic comfort conditions, enhance Cultural Heritage accessibility and knowledge, fostering responsibility for the common good. The implementation of demonstrative interventions, co-created with local administrations, stakeholders and citizens, represents a viable and effective tool in order to test temporary experimental transformations and to monitor and evaluate their impacts, recalibrating the proposed strategies on a case-by-case basis. This integrated and innovative approach was experimented in the Bologna University area by the EU Horizon 2020 project ROCK - Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural Heritage in creative and Knowledge cities (GA 730280) - through a series of pilot actions. ROCK experimentations are implemented in the historical city centres, enhancing public open space fruition and performative potentials, to generate new resilient processes in terms of environmental sustainability and social inclusion. The co-design and self-construction interventions on Piazza Rossini - focused by the paper - represent short term and reversible transformations with a long-term impressive and beyond expectations results
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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