82 research outputs found
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption is Strongly and Dose‐Dependently Associated with Excess Body Weight in Swiss Women
No full textObjective: This study investigated the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and excess body weight in a Swiss nationally representative study.
Methods: Data stem from the cross-sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2,057). Dietary information was collected with 24-hour dietary recalls, and food items were categorized into non-ultraprocessed or ultraprocessed using the NOVA food classification system. The following three excess body weight indicators were considered: BMI, waist circumference (WC), and a BMI-WC composite outcome. Multinomial logistic regression models stratified by sex were fitted.
Results: Women in the highest quintile of ultraprocessed food weight proportion had significantly higher odds of having obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.01, 95% CI: 1.48-6.11), having abdominal obesity (OR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.43-5.05), and being in the highest category of the BMI-WC composite outcome (OR 3.28, 95% CI: 1.59-6.77). No relevant associations were observed in men.
Conclusions: Ultraprocessed food weight proportion was strongly and dose-dependently associated with excess body weight in women but not in men. Further studies are required to elucidate potential mechanisms behind this association. Increasing evidence of the detrimental effect of ultraprocessed food consumption on health stresses the need to consider these products in future public health strategies
Abstract 3292: Cause-specific mortality of nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients
No full textAbstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent incident cancer in men in Switzerland. One of the major challenges in the treatment of PCa is to reliably distinguish between patients at risk of dying as a direct result of the disease and those more likely to die of other causes. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations of age and risk group based on stage, grade and PSA level with primary treatment of non-metastatic PCa patients, and to evaluate whether this treatment was associated with cardiovascular death or prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM).
Methods: Population-based data from the Cancer Registry of Zurich and Zug in Switzerland were used. We identified 1919 non-metastatic PCa patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 who were living in the City of Zurich. PCa risk groups were stratified into three groups based on T stage, Gleason score and initial PSA concentration as described by D’Amico (low-risk: T1-2a, and Gleason score <=6, and PSA <=10 ng/mL; intermediate risk: T2b and/or Gleason score = 7 and/or PSA > 10 and <=20; high-risk: >= T2c or Gleason score 8-10 or PSA > 20). Multiple imputation methods were applied to deal with missing risk group information. We distinguished between surgical procedures, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), active surveillance, and watchful waiting. Fine and Gray competing risk regression analysis was used to estimate sub-distribution hazard ratios for the outcomes cardiovascular death, PCSM or other-cause mortality.
Results: Unadjusted competing risk model revealed an increased risk of cardiovascular death for patients with ADT (HR=2.00 [1.27 - 3.14]), or watchful waiting compared to surgery (HR = 2.19 [1.58 - 3.02]). However, after adjustment for age and risk group, an increased risk of cardiovascular death was no longer observed (ADT HR=1.51 [0.93 - 2.46], watchful waiting HR = 1.31 [0.91 - 1.89]). Only men ≥80 years of age still had an increased risk of cardiovascular death. Furthermore, we observed an increased adjusted risk of PCSM in men with ADT (HR=2.84 [1.97 - 4.01]) or under watchful waiting (HR=1.78 [1.29 - 2.46]) compared to surgery, for men ≥70 years (HR= 4.18 [2.18 - 8.00]) compared to men < 70 years old, and for patients with intermediate risk (HR=2.69 [1.34 - 5.39]) and high risk (HR=6.37 [3.30 - 12.30]) compared to patients with low risk.
Discussion: The study suggests that ADT use for non-metastatic PCa patients may not be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in general, but with an increased risk of PCSM. This is likely explained by the more frequent ADT use in older men and in men with a high-risk PCa. In addition, we observed that older men and men with an intermediate- or high-risk PCa had an increased risk of PCSM.
Citation Format: Katarina Matthes, Giulia Pestoni, Dimitri Korol, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Sabine Rohrmann. Cause-specific mortality of nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3292. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3292</jats:p
Dietary fibre intake and its association with ultraprocessed food consumption in the general population of Switzerland: analysis of a population-based, cross-sectional national nutrition survey.
No full textOBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to describe the compliance to dietary fibre recommendations of the Swiss population and to investigate the association between dietary fibre intake and ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the cross-sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH. We summarised the sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric parameters as well as dietary data collected with two 24-hour dietary recalls for the whole population and subgroups according to absolute and relative dietary fibre intake. We analysed the associations between dietary fibre intake and UPF consumption by fitting multinomial logistic regression models. Data were weighted according to the menuCH weighting strategy to achieve a representation of the Swiss population.
RESULTS
Data obtained from 2057 adults were included in the analysis, of which 87% had a dietary fibre intake of <30 g/day. Participants with high UPF consumption had lower odds of being in the medium or high dietary fibre intake groups than participants with low UPF consumption. The odds of being in the medium or high dietary fibre intake groups decreased linearly across quartiles of UPF consumption (p for trend ≤0.004).
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary fibre intake is insufficient in all population groups in Switzerland. UPF consumption is inversely and dose dependently associated with dietary fibre intake. To increase dietary fibre intake, public health measures should discourage UPF consumption and increase dietary fibre intake via unprocessed or minimally processed foods
How prevalent is a cancer-protective lifestyle? Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations in Switzerland
No full textPopulation monitoring of lifestyle behaviors that are crucial as risk and protective factors for major chronic diseases is vital for the identification of priority areas for public health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations in Switzerland, overall and by selected sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Data from the population-based, cross-sectional survey menuCH were used. We constructed a score reflecting adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to investigate the association of sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics with the level of adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations. The least frequently met cancer prevention recommendations were the ones on fiber intake (met by 13.7%), red and processed meat (25.4%), and ultra-processed food (33.3%) consumption, while the recommendation on physical activity was met by almost 80%. Women and individuals with tertiary education were more likely to have a score of ≥5 (as a reflection of adherence to the cancer prevention recommendations), compared to men or those who completed secondary education, respectively. Current smokers were less likely to have a score of ≥5, compared to never smokers. A high proportion of the population in Switzerland was found to not adhere closely to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations. Differences were detected based on sociodemographic characteristics. Education and policy actions are needed to facilitate the adoption of a cancer-protective lifestyle.</p
Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and risk of breast cancer in situ in the United Kingdom Biobank
No full textA health‐conscious lifestyle may protect against breast cancer in situ. However, breast cancer in situ is mainly detected by screening, and many studies lack information on screening participation. Thus, we evaluated the association between prediagnostic lifestyle and risk of breast cancer in situ, accounting for screening participation at recruitment. A score reflecting the adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations was constructed, using the recommendations on healthy body weight, physical activity, consumption of plant‐based foods, red and processed meat, alcohol and avoidance of sugar. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association between the lifestyle score and breast cancer in situ risk, while accounting for important confounders. The lifestyle score was not significantly associated with breast cancer in situ risk (HRcontinuous = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91‐1.03) in the overall cohort. In participants not reporting dietary changes in the past 5 years, the lifestyle score was inversely associated with breast cancer in situ risk (HRcontinuous = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85‐0.99). In those reporting dietary changes in the past 5 years due to illness or other reasons, the lifestyle score was not associated with breast cancer in situ risk (HRcontinuous = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.94‐1.15). Lifestyle was inversely associated with breast cancer in situ risk in women not reporting recent changes in their dietary habits. This inverse association is consistent with inverse associations reported in previous studies. Our findings suggest that breast cancer in situ and invasive breast cancer share a similar risk factor profile
Using Dietary Indices-What's Next?
No full textFor centuries, it has been known that what we eat is essential for our health [...]
Post-Diagnostic Diet Quality and Mortality in Females with Self-Reported History of Breast or Gynecological Cancers: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
No full textHigh quality diets are associated with favorable disease and mortality outcomes in various populations; little and conflicting information is available for female cancer survivors. We investigated the association of post-diagnostic diet quality with mortality in female cancer survivors. Data from 230 women with a previous breast, or gynecological (i.e., ovarian, cervical or uterine) cancer diagnosis in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) were calculated based on a 24-hour dietary recall interview. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Higher HEI score was associated with lower mortality (HR total = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.98, 1 unit increase), but the association for MDS failed to reach statistical significance (HR total = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.74-1.04). In subgroup analyses, a statistically significant inverse association was observed between the HEI and mortality; for the MDS, no statistically significant association was apparent. Higher post-diagnostic HEI score was inversely associated with mortality in female cancer survivors, suggesting a protective effect when adhering to the diet captured by the HEI. Additional studies are required in order to investigate underlying mechanisms of the mortality-adherence association
Cultural differences in diet and determinants of diet quality in Switzerland : results from the national nutrition survey menuCH
No full textSociodemographic differences in dietary consumption were observed in different populations. The current study aimed to identify sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of diet quality and to investigate the differences in diet quality between the three main language regions of Switzerland. Using data of the Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2057), two diet quality scores-Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score-were computed. Linear regression models were used to investigate the determinants of diet quality and chi-square tests were used to test for differences in single score components between language regions. Significantly higher diet quality scores were observed for individuals who were female, older, normal weight, non-Swiss, with tertiary education or moderate-to-high physical activity level. Additionally, residents of the French- and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland scored higher than residents of the German-speaking region. More specifically, the higher diet quality observed in the French- and Italian-speaking regions was mediated by higher scores in the components of alcohol, dairy products, fat, fish, sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains. The present results may help to better characterize population groups requiring specific dietary recommendations, enabling public health authorities to develop targeted interventions
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