14 research outputs found
Forged handwriting verification: a public domain dataset for training machine learning models
No full textCaratteristiche principali dell'emissione di galassie ellittiche
No full textQuesto elaborato inizia con il
Capitolo 1, dove sono elencati gli elementi distintivi delle galassie ellittiche (forma, colore, dimensioni, luminosità ecc.). In §1.1 se nè darà una breve classificazione in base alle caratteristiche morfologiche e fisiche che presentano, mentre in §1.2 ne verranno discusse le proprietà osservative salienti: esse sono fortemente correlate mutualmente, dando origine alle relazioni di scala. La parte consistente di questo elaborato è il Capitolo 2, che si articola nei paragrafi §2.1,§2.2},§2.3 dove verranno analizzati ed esemplificati i processi di emissione caratteristici di queste galassie, divisi per bande di osservazione da radio a X
New LOFAR detection in the galaxy cluster A1413: connection between non-thermal and thermal emission
No full textClusters of galaxies are the largest virialized systems in the Universe and thus are ideal laboratories to study the formation and evolution of cosmic structures. The intracluster medium (ICM), a plasma which has been heated, through gravitational collapse, up to temperatures of tens of millions degrees at density of few hundreds particles per cubic meter, emitting mostly in the X-ray band. At the same time, radio observations have proved that the ICM is mixed with a non-thermal component, i.e. highly relativistic particles and large-scale magnetic fields, detected through their synchrotron emission. This non-thermal component is linked to the cluster X-ray properties and understanding its origin is crucial for a comprehensive physical description of the ICM. In the last years, with the advent of new generation low-frequency radio telescopes, the classical dichotomy that connects merging events with giant halos and relaxed cool-core systems with mini-halos, has started to be questioned. In contrast to what has been generally believed, cluster-scale radio emission has also been observed in clusters with no sign of major mergers, indicating that minor mergers and/or sloshing of a dense cool core could trigger particle acceleration on larger scales and generate steep-spectrum radio emission. This work is dedicated to the peculiar galaxy cluster Abell 1413 that we discover to host a non-common radio emission. A1413 is a massive , hot, and nearby (z=0.1427) galaxy cluster.
We performed a new study of A1413 with two main goals: (i) to characterize separately the thermal and non-thermal properties of the cluster; (ii) to understand the origin of the radio-emitting electrons through a combined radio and X-ray analysis
Galaxienhaufen im Zeitalter ultratiefer Radiofrequenzen: Ein LOFAR-LBA-Blick von Radiogalaxien bis hin zu diffuser Emission
No full textGalaxienhaufen entstehen an den Knotenpunkten kosmischer filamente durch den gravitativen Kollaps anfänglicher Dichtefluktuationen im frühen Universum sowie durch die anschließende Akkretion von Gas und Substrukturen.
Während dieses Prozesses wird eine große Menge Energie in Form von Schockwellen und Turbulenzen freigesetzt, die wiederum das Magnetfeld komprimieren und verstärken sowie Elementarteilchen auf relativistische Energien beschleunigen können.
Aufgrund des ~ micro Gauss starken Magnetfeldes im Haufenplasma emittieren diese relativistischen Teilchen Synchrotronstrahlung im Radiobereich, die typischerweise als diffuse Quellen von Mpc-Ausmaß beobachtet wird – in Form von Radiohalos und -relikten.
Radiorelikte sind länglich Quellen, die sich meist in den Außenbereichen der Haufen befinden und Schockwellen aufzeigen, die durch Haufenverschmelzungen ausgelöst wurden. Radiohalos hingegen sind zentral im Haufen gelegene Quellen, deren Ursprung auf durch die von Haufenverschmelzung erzeugte Turbulenzen zurückgeführt wird, welche eine Wiederbeschleunigung von Elektronen bewirken.
Beobachtungen bei ultra-niedrigen Frequenzen (<100 MHz) sind entscheidend, um die Energieverteilung der Elektronen auf Hinweise zum zeitlichen Ablauf der Beschleunigungs- und Alterungsprozesse der strahlenden Teilchen zu prüfen.
Bislang wurden nur wenige Galaxienhaufen in diesem Frequenzbereich untersucht, weshalb jedes neue Objekt einen wertvollen Beitrag zum Verständnis der nicht-thermischen Physik bei ultra-niedrigen Frequenzen liefert.
Eine weitere charakteristische Komponente von Haufen im Radiobereich sind Radiogalaxien. In Haufen zeigen die Materiestrahlen aktiver galaktischer Kerne (AGN) aufgrund ihrer Wechselwirkung mit dem sie umgebenden intracluster Medium (ICM) häufig eine besondere Morphologie. Durch diese Wechselwirkung spielen sie eine wichtige Rolle in der thermischen und dynamischen Entwicklung der Haufen und dienen gleichzeitig als Quelle relativistischer Teilchen im ICM. Diese leicht-relativistischen Teilchen können später durch großskalige Prozesse im Haufen wiederbeschleunigt werden und zur Bildung der oben genannten diffusen Radioquellen beitragen.
Aufgrund ihrer charakteristisch steilen Spektren werden sowohl diffuse Haufenemissionen als auch AGN-Plasma bevorzugt bei niedrigen Radiofrequenzen (< 300 MHz) untersucht, bei denen sie intrinsisch heller erscheinen.
Allerdings sind interferometrische Radiobeobachtungen in diesem Bereich mit erheblichen technischen Herausforderungen verbunden, insbesondere durch die starke Beeinflussung durch ionosphärische Störungen, die richtungsabhängige systematische Fehler im Sichtfeld verursachen.
Mit der Einführung des LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), insbesondere seines Low Band Antennas (LBA)-Systems, wurde ein neues Beobachtungsfenster eröffnet, das hochauflösende und empfindliche Aufnahmen in diesem Frequenzbereich ermöglicht.
Der Zugang zu diesem ultra-niedrigen Frequenzbereich ist entscheidend, um Emission mit ultra-steilen Spektrum nachzuverfolgen, Alterungs- und Wiederbeschleunigungsprozesse kosmischer Elektronen zu untersuchen und fossiles Plasma aus früheren AGN-Aktivitätsphasen zu erfassen.
In dieser Dissertation nutze ich die Möglichkeiten von LOFAR LBA, um eine Auswahl an Objekten zu untersuchen, die aufgrund ihrer besonderen Eigenschaften wichtige Einblicke in die nicht-thermische Physik von Galaxienhaufen liefern.
Im ersten Projekt dieser Arbeit habe ich die dynamische Wechselwirkung zwischen Radiogalaxien und dem umgebenden Medium im Galaxienhaufen ZwCl0634.1+4747 untersucht. Ich kombinierte Daten von vier Teleskopen, die Frequenzen zwischen 53 MHz und 1,5 GHz abdecken, für drei sogenannte Head-Tail-Radiogalaxien in diesem Haufen. Diese stellen vermutlich eine wichtige Quelle leicht relativistischer Elektronen im ICM dar und sind somit ein zentraler Bestandteil der (Wieder-) Beschleunigungsprozesse, die für die diffuse, großskalige Radioemission in Haufen verantwortlich sind.
Für diese Untersuchung war die kombinierte Nutzung von LOFAR LBA- und HBA-Beobachtungen entscheidend, um das gesamte Ausmaß der Radiogalaxienschweife bis zu einer Entfernung von ~1 Mpc zu erfassen – darunter die längsten bekannten Head-Tail-Radiogalaxien – und um die spektralen Eigenschaften der AGN-Schweife zu charakterisieren.
Ich stellte deutliche Abweichungen von reinen Alterungsmodellen fest, die auf Synchrotron- und inverse-Compton-Verlusten basieren.
Abschließend untersuchte ich verschiedene physikalische Prozesse, die für dieses Verhalten verantwortlich sein könnten, und zeigte, dass durch Turbulenzen im Schweif verursachte Wiederbeschleunigung – ausgelöst durch die Wechselwirkung mit dem ICM – eine plausible Erklärung darstellt.
Im zweiten und dritten Projekt konzentrierte ich mich auf die Teilchenbeschleunigung in haufenverschmelzenden Galaxienhaufen durch die Untersuchung von Radiorelikten und Halos.
Das zweite Projekt befasst sich mit CIZA J2242.8+5301, einem wohlbekannten verschmelzenden Galaxienhaufen, der ein prototypisches Beispiel für ein Radiorelikt enthält.
Für dieses Objekt führte ich die erste vollständige Reduktion und Kalibration von LOFAR LBA-Daten bei 45 MHz durch, wobei ich ein durch thermisches Rauschen begrenztes Bild mit ~1.5 mJy/beam erzielte.
Durch die Kombination dieser Beobachtungen mit umfangreichen Multifrequenzdaten bis 3 GHz konnte ich integrierte und räumlich aufgelöste Spektralindizes sowie Karten der spektralen Krümmung erzeugen.
Darüber hinaus ermöglichten die niederfrequenten Daten – die naturgemäß weniger von Strahlungsverlusten betroffen sind – eine direkte Abschätzung des Injektionsspektrums und damit der Mach-Zahlen der Schockfronten: Mach = 2.9 +- 0.5 und 2.9 +- 0.8 für das nördliche bzw. südliche Relikt.
Schließlich untersuchte ich die Oberflächenhelligkeitverteilung des nördlichen Relikts – jener gut definierten Radiostruktur, die dem Haufen den Spitznamen „Sausage Cluster“ eingebracht hat.
Ich stellte fest, dass der östliche Teil des nördlichen Relikts entgegen den Erwartungen ein bemerkenswert symmetrisches Profil zeigt, mit „Flügeln“ zu beiden Seiten des Maximums.
Dies steht im Widerspruch zum Standardszenario, das von einer einzigen, scharfen Schockfront mit nachgelagerten Strahlungsverlusten ausgeht.
Zur Erklärung modellierte ich das Oberflächenhelligkeitsprofil unter Berücksichtigung von Projektionseffekten, Magnetfeldvariationen und Schockdeformation, um eine realistischere Beschreibung der beobachteten Emission zu liefern.
Das dritte Projekt konzentriert sich auf das komplexe dreifachverschmelzende System Abell 746, in dem ich mehrere reliktartige Strukturen sowie das zentrale Radiohalo mithilfe von LOFAR LBA, HBA und ergänzenden höherfrequenten Daten analysierte.
Ich bestätigte das Vorhandensein eines klassischen bogenförmigen Relikts im Nordwesten mit typischer spektraler Steilung, was mit einer Alterung hinter einer Stoßfront mit Mach ~2.8 übereinstimmt.
Ähnlich niedrige Mach-Zahlen wurden für die anderen reliktartigen Strukturen (R1, R2, R3) abgeleitet, was auf eine ineffiziente Teilchenbeschleunigung hinweist und die Rolle fossilen Plasmas als Saatpopulation für die Wiederbeschleunigung unterstreicht.
Schließlich zeigte sich, dass das zentrale Gebiet ein~1 Mic großes Radiohalo mit einem ultra-steilen Spektrum (~ -1.6) beherbergt, das durch Anpassung des Oberflächenhelligkeitsprofils charakterisiert wurde. Eine vollständige Abtrennung von diffuser, kontaminierender Emission war jedoch nicht möglich. Dieses Ergebnis stimmt mit Vorhersagen aus dem Szenario der turbulenten Wiederbeschleunigung überein, welches ultra-steile Halos bevorzugt in massearmen Haufen wie A746 erwartet.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeiten belegen, dass die Kombination aus niedrig- und ultra- niedrigfrequenten Beobachtungen entscheidend ist, um die Population steilspektraler Radioquellen in Galaxienhaufen zu identifizieren und zu charakterisieren.
Die in dieser Arbeit genutzte Synergie zwischen LOFAR HBA (~ 150 MHz) und LBA (~ 50 MHz) ermöglichte eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Spektralverteilung dieser Quellen und lieferte wertvolle Einblicke in Teilchenalterungs und -wiederbeschleunigungsprozesse, die bei höheren Frequenzen (~ GHz) verborgen geblieben wären
Absorption in Online Reviews of Books: Presenting the English-Language AbsORB Metadata Corpus and Annotation Guidelines
No full textThis paper presents an annotated metadata corpus of English language book reviews from Goodreads and annotation guidelines developed to tag online book reviews for mentions of story world absorption. The metadata corpus includes the segments of each review that have been annotated, the annotation category, the title and author of the book that is reviewed, the rating, the genre of the book reviewed, the length of the review in characters and tokens, and the on- and offset of the annotation. The corpus and guidelines could be used to further investigate the experience of absorption during reading
Autologous Fat Grafting for the Oral and Digital Complications of Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a Prospective Study
No full textBackground Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease. Skin involvement of the mouth and hand may compromise function and quality of life. Autologous fat
grafting has been described as a specific treatment of these
clinical features. We report the results of our prospective
study designed to treat and prevent skin complications in
systemic sclerosis.
Materials and Methods We treated 25 patients with mouth
and/or hand involvement (microstomia, xerostomia, skin
sclerosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon and long-lasting digital
ulcers) with autologous fat grafting, according to the
Coleman’s technique, around the mouth and/or at the base
of each finger. The surgical procedures were repeated in
each patient every 6 months for a total of two or three
times. Clinical data were collected before the first surgery
and again 6 months after each surgical procedure. Pain,
skin thickness, saliva production and disability were
assessed with validated tests.
Results Overall we performed 63 autologous fat grafting
sessions (either on the mouth, on the hands or on both
anatomical areas). Results at 6 moths after the last session
included improvement of xerostomia evaluated with a
sialogram, reduction of the skin tension around the mouth
and, in the hands, reduction of the Raynaud phenomenon as
well as skin thickness. Pain was reduced while theperception of disability improved. Digital ulcers healed
completely in 8/9 patients.
Conclusions Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of
autologous fat grafting for the treatment of skin complications and digital ulcers due to systemic sclerosis. In
addition, the patients’ subjective well-being improved
Se reconnaitre, être reconnu comme professionnel
No full textRécent dans la formation des enseignants, le mémoire professionnel reste un genre aux contours fluctuants. Il est envisagé ici comme un écrit de formation réflexif qui permet à son auteur de se reconnaitre et d’être reconnu comme nouveau professionnel. À titre heuristique, l’étude porte sur l’analyse d’un mémoire professionnel de professeur des écoles évalué positivement. Avec les outils de l’analyse des discours et de la linguistique énonciative, l’auteure cherche à voir quels savoirs s’y construisent et comment ils s’y énoncent à partir de quatre postes d’observation principaux concernant la construction de diverses identités énonciatives, le dialogue avec les savoirs d’autrui dans le travail de citation, la présentation de savoirs issus de l’expérience et le bilan final d’un parcours de savoir. L’étude conduit à repérer un faisceau de propriétés qui pourrait caractériser un mémoire professionnel.Recently introduced into teacher training in France, the professional dissertation still remains an ill-defined genre. It is considered in this paper as a written reflexive training tool allowing its author to recognize him/herself and to be recognized as a new member of the profession. This heuristic study focusses on the analysis of a positively assessed professional dissertation written by a primary school teacher. Using the theoretical tools of discourse analysis and enunciative linguistics, the author attempts in this paper to discover what kinds of knowledge are being built and how they are expressed verbally. Four main areas are observed: the construction of various enunciative identities, the dialogue with the knowledge of others through referencing, the presentation of empirical knowledge and the final outcome of a knowledge building process. The study leads to the identification of the features that could characterise a professional dissertation
Provare a ridirsi: l’autotraduzione come tappa di un processo migratorio in Amara Lakhous
No full textEsponente importante della letteratura della migrazione, l’algerino Amara Lakhous ha inaugurato la sua produzione letteraria in italiano con Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, autotraduzione di una prima versione pubblicata in arabo. Quest’opera caratterizza una fase di transizione della produzione letteraria di Amara Lakhous, che in seguito scriverà direttamente in italiano, e può essere considerata una prima prova di scrittura dell’autore per il suo nuovo pubblico. Romanzo continuamente oscillante tra finzione ed auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà traccia un ritratto divertente e delicato della società multiculturale italiana in cui Lakhous si trova a vivere. Eppure l’Algeria non è completamente assente, anzi, l’autore rievoca per bocca di Amedeo, il protagonista dell’opera, la guerra civile che lo ha costretto a scappare. Nel presente studio ci si soffermerà sulla narrazione di sé che Lakhous propone nelle due versioni dell’opera, prendendo in esame in primo luogo le contaminazioni linguistiche tra le due lingue dell’autore, e in secondo luogo le rappresentazioni di Italia e Algeria rintracciabili nel testo. PAROLE CHIAVE: autotraduzione, plurilinguismo, eterolinguismo, letteratura della migrazione, contaminazione, arabo, italiano, Algeria, Italia, Amara Lakhous. As an important exponent of migrant literature, the Algerian writer Amara Lakhous inaugurates his literary career in Italian with Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, a self-translation of the Arabic version of the text. This novel marks a transitional phase in Amara Lakhous’ literary production, before he begins to write directly in Italian, and can be considered a first attempt at writing for a new audience. Alternating between fiction and auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà paints an amusing and discreet portrait of Italian multicultural society, the author’s new surroundings. Still, Algeria is not completely absent from the text; through Amedeo, the main character, the author is able to recall the civil war that forced him to leave his homeland. In this essay, we will analyze the narration of the Self that Lakhous proposes in the two versions of the novel, studying at first the linguistic contamination between the author’s two languages and then the representations of Italy and Algeria found in the text. KEY WORDS: self-translation, multilingualism, heterolingualism, migration literature, contamination, Arabic, Italian, Algeria, Italy, Amara Lakhous. Esponente importante della letteratura della migrazione, l’algerino Amara Lakhous ha inaugurato la sua produzione letteraria in italiano con Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, autotraduzione di una prima versione pubblicata in arabo. Quest’opera caratterizza una fase di transizione della produzione letteraria di Amara Lakhous, che in seguito scriverà direttamente in italiano, e può essere considerata una prima prova di scrittura dell’autore per il suo nuovo pubblico. Romanzo continuamente oscillante tra finzione ed auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà traccia un ritratto divertente e delicato della società multiculturale italiana in cui Lakhous si trova a vivere. Eppure l’Algeria non è completamente assente, anzi, l’autore rievoca per bocca di Amedeo, il protagonista dell’opera, la guerra civile che lo ha costretto a scappare. Nel presente studio ci si soffermerà sulla narrazione di sé che Lakhous propone nelle due versioni dell’opera, prendendo in esame in primo luogo le contaminazioni linguistiche tra le due lingue dell’autore, e in secondo luogo le rappresentazioni di Italia e Algeria rintracciabili nel testo. PAROLE CHIAVE: autotraduzione, plurilinguismo, eterolinguismo, letteratura della migrazione, contaminazione, arabo, italiano, Algeria, Italia, Amara Lakhous. As an important exponent of migrant literature, the Algerian writer Amara Lakhous inaugurates his literary career in Italian with Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, a self-translation of the Arabic version of the text. This novel marks a transitional phase in Amara Lakhous’ literary production, before he begins to write directly in Italian, and can be considered a first attempt at writing for a new audience. Alternating between fiction and auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà paints an amusing and discreet portrait of Italian multicultural society, the author’s new surroundings. Still, Algeria is not completely absent from the text; through Amedeo, the main character, the author is able to recall the civil war that forced him to leave his homeland. In this essay, we will analyze the narration of the Self that Lakhous proposes in the two versions of the novel, studying at first the linguistic contamination between the author’s two languages and then the representations of Italy and Algeria found in the text. KEY WORDS: self-translation, multilingualism, heterolingualism, migration literature, contamination, Arabic, Italian, Algeria, Italy, Amara Lakhous. Esponente importante della letteratura della migrazione, l’algerino Amara Lakhous ha inaugurato la sua produzione letteraria in italiano con Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, autotraduzione di una prima versione pubblicata in arabo. Quest’opera caratterizza una fase di transizione della produzione letteraria di Amara Lakhous, che in seguito scriverà direttamente in italiano, e può essere considerata una prima prova di scrittura dell’autore per il suo nuovo pubblico. Romanzo continuamente oscillante tra finzione ed auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà traccia un ritratto divertente e delicato della società multiculturale italiana in cui Lakhous si trova a vivere. Eppure l’Algeria non è completamente assente, anzi, l’autore rievoca per bocca di Amedeo, il protagonista dell’opera, la guerra civile che lo ha costretto a scappare. Nel presente studio ci si soffermerà sulla narrazione di sé che Lakhous propone nelle due versioni dell’opera, prendendo in esame in primo luogo le contaminazioni linguistiche tra le due lingue dell’autore, e in secondo luogo le rappresentazioni di Italia e Algeria rintracciabili nel testo. PAROLE CHIAVE: autotraduzione, plurilinguismo, eterolinguismo, letteratura della migrazione, contaminazione, arabo, italiano, Algeria, Italia, Amara Lakhous. As an important exponent of migrant literature, the Algerian writer Amara Lakhous inaugurates his literary career in Italian with Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, a self-translation of the Arabic version of the text. This novel marks a transitional phase in Amara Lakhous’ literary production, before he begins to write directly in Italian, and can be considered a first attempt at writing for a new audience. Alternating between fiction and auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà paints an amusing and discreet portrait of Italian multicultural society, the author’s new surroundings. Still, Algeria is not completely absent from the text; through Amedeo, the main character, the author is able to recall the civil war that forced him to leave his homeland. In this essay, we will analyze the narration of the Self that Lakhous proposes in the two versions of the novel, studying at first the linguistic contamination between the author’s two languages and then the representations of Italy and Algeria found in the text. KEY WORDS: self-translation, multilingualism, heterolingualism, migration literature, contamination, Arabic, Italian, Algeria, Italy, Amara Lakhous. Esponente importante della letteratura della migrazione, l’algerino Amara Lakhous ha inaugurato la sua produzione letteraria in italiano con Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, autotraduzione di una prima versione pubblicata in arabo. Quest’opera caratterizza una fase di transizione della produzione letteraria di Amara Lakhous, che in seguito scriverà direttamente in italiano, e può essere considerata una prima prova di scrittura dell’autore per il suo nuovo pubblico. Romanzo continuamente oscillante tra finzione ed auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà traccia un ritratto divertente e delicato della società multiculturale italiana in cui Lakhous si trova a vivere. Eppure l’Algeria non è completamente assente, anzi, l’autore rievoca per bocca di Amedeo, il protagonista dell’opera, la guerra civile che lo ha costretto a scappare. Nel presente studio ci si soffermerà sulla narrazione di sé che Lakhous propone nelle due versioni dell’opera, prendendo in esame in primo luogo le contaminazioni linguistiche tra le due lingue dell’autore, e in secondo luogo le rappresentazioni di Italia e Algeria rintracciabili nel testo. PAROLE CHIAVE: autotraduzione, plurilinguismo, eterolinguismo, letteratura della migrazione, contaminazione, arabo, italiano, Algeria, Italia, Amara Lakhous. As an important exponent of migrant literature, the Algerian writer Amara Lakhous inaugurates his literary career in Italian with Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, a self-translation of the Arabic version of the text. This novel marks a transitional phase in Amara Lakhous’ literary production, before he begins to write directly in Italian, and can be considered a first attempt at writing for a new audience. Alternating between fiction and auto-fiction, Scontro di civiltà paints an amusing and discreet portrait of Italian multicultural society, the author’s new surroundings. Still, Algeria is not completely absent from the text; through Amedeo, the main character, the author is able to recall the civil war that forced him to leave his homeland. In this essay, we will analyze the narration of the Self that Lakhous proposes in the two versions of the novel, studying at first the linguistic contamination between the author’s two languages and then the representations of Italy and Algeria found in the text. KEY WORDS: self-translation, multilingualism, heterolingualism, migration literature, contamination, Arabic, Italian, Algeria, Italy, Amara Lakhous.
Plurilinguisme et échange enrichissant dans les deux versions - arabe et française - de Junun de Jalila Baccar
No full textCet article tente d’explorer les conséquences de la coprésence de langues différentes à travers l’étude d’un cas d’autotraduction de l’arabe vers le français : la pièce théâtrale Junun de la Tunisienne Jalila Baccar. La façon dont l’arabe et le français sont présents dans les deux versions, s’influençant réciproquement de façon créatrice, en dépit des conflits présents dans le contexte, est l’objet de notre article. Nous avons donc mis en évidence, à l’aide de plusieurs exemples, le plurilinguisme du texte arabe et les influences du français au niveau lexical et syntaxique. Parallèlement, nous avons montré les répercussions de l’arabe sur le texte français, qui est au contraire unilingue. Nous avons ainsi illustré l’échange enrichissant qui se crée non seulement entre les deux langues, mais aussi entre les deux versions de la pièce, qui semblent créer un dialogue entre les deux versants de l’identité linguistique de l’auteure.This article aims to explore the consequences of the coexistence of different languages throughout a case study of self-translation from Arabic to French: the Tunisian Jalila Baccar’s theatrical piece Junun. The subject of this article is the way in which Arabic and French appear in both adaptations, influencing each other creatively, in spite of the conflicts of the context. Therefore, we have attempted to underline the multilingualism shown by the Arabic text and the influences exercised by French under a lexical and syntactic point of view, with the aid of numerous examples. Simultaneously, we tried to show the repercussions that Arabic has on the French text which, on the contrary, is monolingual. Therefore, we believe that we have depicted the enriching exchange established not only between the two languages, but also between the two adaptations of the pièce, which seem to produce a dialogue between the two sides of the linguistic identity of the author
LOFAR detection of extended emission around a mini halo in the galaxy cluster Abell 1413
No full textContext. The relation between giant radio halos and mini halos in galaxy clusters is not understood. The former are usually associated with merging clusters, while the latter are found in relaxed systems. In recent years, the advent of low-frequency radio observations has challenged this dichotomy by finding intermediate objects with a hybrid radio morphology.
Aims. We aim to investigate the presence of diffuse radio emission in the cluster Abell 1413 and determine its dynamical status to explore the relation between mini halos and giant radio halos.
Methods. We used LOFAR observations centred at 144 MHz to study the diffuse radio emission. To investigate the dynamical state of the system, we used newly analysed XMM-Newton archival data. Abell 1413 shows features that are typically present in both relaxed (e.g., peaked X-ray surface brightness distribution and some large-scale inhomogeneities) and disturbed (e.g., flatter temperature and metallicity profiles) clusters.
Results. This suggests that Abell 1413 is neither disturbed nor fully relaxed, and we argue that it is an intermediate-phase cluster. At 144 MHz, we discover a wider diffuse component surrounding the previously known mini halo at the cluster center. By fitting the radio surface-brightness profile with a double-exponential model, we can disentangle the two components. We find an inner mini halo with an e-folding radius, re, 1 = 28 ± 5 kpc, and an extended component with re, 2 = 290 ± 60 kpc. We also evaluated the point-to-point correlation between the radio and X-ray surface brightness, finding a sublinear relation for the outer emission and a superlinear relation for the mini halo. The mini halo and the diffuse emission extend over different scales and show different features, confirming the double nature of the radio emission and suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the re-acceleration of the radio-emitting particle might be different
