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Antonio Pacchioni (1665-1726): early studies of the dura mater.
No full textThe clustering of arachnoid villi along the sagittal sinus forms what is known as ''Pacchioni granulations.'' These structures were first described in 1705 by Antonio Pacchioni, an italian scientist. Pacchioni was born in Reggio Emilia, Italy, in 1665, and there he received his degree in medicine. Later he moved to Rome where he built a successful career dedicated to medical practice, research, and teaching. He became a friend of some of the leading scientists of his age: Lancisi, Malpighi, and Morgagni, among others. He devoted himself to elucidating the structure and function of dura mater, and in his studies often used the new technique of maceration of anatomical specimens in various fluids. Among Pacchioni's written works, the Dissertatio Epistolaris de Glandulis Conglobatis Durae Meningis Humanae (1705) deserves the greatest consideration as it contains the first description of arachnoid granulations. He compared dura to cardiac muscle and attributed to its ''glandulae'' (glands) the faculty of secreting lymph for lubrication of the sliding movements between meninges and brain during contractions. Three centuries after Pacchioni's death in Rome in 1726, the fine structure of arachnoid villi has not been fully elucidated; moreover, many questions related to mechanisms underlying cerebrospinal fluid absorption remain unanswered
Birthday of peripheral nervous system surgery:the contribution of Gabriele Ferrara (1543-1627).
No full textAntonio Pacchioni (1665-1726): pioneer studies on the dura mater [Antonio Pacchioni (1665-1726): studi pionieristici sulla dura madre.]
No full textClustering of arachnoid villi along the sagittal sinus gives rise to the so-called "Pacchionian Granulations". These structures were originally described in 1705 by Antonio Pacchioni, an Italian scientist. Born in Reggio Emilia in 1665, he graduated in Medicine in his hometown and later moved to Rome were he built up a successful career by dedicating to medical practice as well as to research and teaching. He became friend and often collaborated with some of the leading scientists of his age: Lancisi, Malpighi and Morgagni among the others. Moreover he carefully followed research developments in Europe as testified by frequent quoting of foreign authors in his works. He devoted himself to the elucidation of structure and function of Dura Mater, often by using new techniques of maceration of anatomic specimens in various fluids. Among Pacchioni's works, the "Dissertatio epistolaris de glandulis conglobatis Durae Meningis humanae" (1705) is particularly well known and contains the first description of arachnoidal granulations. He compared Dura to cardiac muscle and attributed to its "glandulae" (glands) the faculty of secreting lymph for lubrification of the sliding movements between meninges and brain during contractions. He died in Rome in 1726. Three centuries after Pacchioni's death fine structure of arachnoid villi hasn't been fully elucidated; moreover many questions on mechanisms underlying CSF absorption remain unanswered
The contribution of Davide Giordano (1864-1954) to pituitary surgery: The transglabellar-nasal approach
Full text linkTHIS REPORT DESCRIBES the fundamental contribution made by Davide Giordano, proposing the transglabellar surgical approach in a period in which transfacial and transbasal operative approaches to the pituitary gland were considered inadvisable because of their risk. His idea was to gain access through bilateral paranasal and frontal skin incisions, allowing removal of the ethmoid bone and the anterior wall of the sphenoidal cube. With the anterior and inferior aspects of the sella turcica thus exposed, bone is removed and the gland is exposed by incision of the dura mater. The technique proposed by giordano is undoubtedly a forerunner of the transsphenoidal route to the pituitary gland. The importance of his contribution was confirmed by Cushing, who reported his first use of the approach of Giordano in 1909 in a patient with a pituitary adenoma. The efforts of Giordano clearly inspired surgeons of his era to perform this operation clinically, giving impetus to the further development of neurosurger
290 surgical procedures for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow: Physiopathology, clinical experience and results
Full text linkUlnar nerve entrapment at the elbow is an important and relatively frequent pathological condition that may be related to diffent causes depending on individual or external factors. The cause of the nerve lesion is also idiopathic in about one-quarter to one-third of cases. This variable aetiopathogenetic presentation has often suggested different diagnostic and clinical approaches and, moreover, various surgical procedures. We present our 8-years surgical experience with 290 cases of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow analysing the salient clinical features and the results of the surgical treatment in the light of the relevant literature available on this topic
Neurocysticercosis with aqueductal obstruction: Pathogenetic, radiological and therapeutic aspects [NEUROCISTICERCOSI CON OSTRUZIONE DELLE VIE LIQUORALI: ASPETTI PATOGENETICI, RADIOLOGICI E TERAPEUTICI]
No full text[No abstract available
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Potential risk-factors for brain-tumors in children - An analysis of 200 cases
No full textTwo hundred cases of verified brain tumors occurring in patients under 15 years of age were studied in relation to possible etiologic, genetic, and environmental risk factors. They were compared with 100 age-matched patients harboring solid neoplasms outside the nervous system, as well as with 100 normal children. In our study, first-degree relatives of a brain tumor child did not show a higher incidence of either tumors or of epilepsy and strokes as compared with controls. First-born children (46%) with higher birth weights showed a greater tendency to present brain tumors. Dystocia (18.5%), previous miscarriages (18%), and dietary restrictions during pregnancy (3%) were also noted in this study and compared with data in the literature. No evidence of a role of maternal chickenpox and toxoplasmosis could be found. The pharmacological risk also seemed to be minimal. The mother's hormonal profile is deduced from the age at menarche and delivery, as well as from a tendency to miscarriages and complicated pregnancies. With regard to the immunologic aspect, it is worth noting that 15% of the mothers complained of allergies. Live polio vaccine and zoonosis might suggest a possible role of virus-related factors in the oncogenesis of brain tumors in children. Radiation-related risk is possibly present in less than 5% of cases. Parental occupation is not relevant in this series
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