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The influence of Mindfulness and General Wellbeing in clinical treatment of tobacco smokers enrolled in a cessation program. A short and long-term evaluation
No full textIl fumo di sigaretta è un fenomeno complesso e le sue conseguenze per il corpo umano sono sempre più note. Sulla base dei risultati di precedenti ricerche sulla relazione tra Mindfulness e l’astinenza dal fumo, in cui è emerso che i soggetti che riportavano elevati livelli di Mindfulness disposizionale avevano maggiori possibilità di successo in un programma di disassuefazione dal fumo, lo scopo del presente studio era di estendere il ruolo di tale costrutto con un gruppo più ampio di fumatori sottoposti a trattamento farmacologico monitorato sia nelle prime 24 ore di astensione completa sia nel corso di un follow-up. Lo studio è stato condotto su 53 individui che hanno partecipato ad un programma di disassuefazione dal fumo, compilando il test Fagerström sulla dipendenza da nicotina (FTND), la
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) e il General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). L’astinenza è stata registrata in diverse sessioni attraverso la determinazione quantitativa del valore basale di monossido di carbonio (CO) nell’aria espirata dai polmoni che contribuisce a una maggiore obiettività dell’esito. I dati non hanno confermato il ruolo della Mindfulness come predittore dell’astinenza. I
punteggi MAAS e GHQ-12 non appaiono correlati all’esito del programma di cessazione dal fumo di sigaretta. L’uso di strumenti più sensibili nella rilevazione della Mindfulness disposizionale potrebbe portare a risultati più accurati. Un trattamento cognitivo comportamentale più strutturato potrebbe contribuire alla cessazione della dipendenza da tabacco.Cigarette smoking is a complex phenomenon and its consequences for human body are increasingly known. Basing on the results from previous research on relationship between Mindfulness and smoking abstinence in which it emerged that subjects who had high levels of dispositional Mindfulness had a greater chance of success in a smoking cessation program, the aim of the present study was to extend the analysis in a larger group of individuals subjected to pharmacological treatment and motivational counselling, which were monitored both at the first 24-h of complete abstention and at the follow-up. The study involved 53 individuals who participated to a smoke cessation program completing the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Abstinence was recorded in several sessions also through the quantitative determination of the value of carbon monoxide on the expired air (CO) from the lungs that contributes to a greater objectivity of the outcome measure. Data did not confirm the role of Mindfulness as a predictor of abstinence. MAAS and GHQ-12 scores did not result in relationship with the outcome of nicotine cessation program. Therefore, Mindfulness construct would seem not to be a predictor of success in a smoking cessation program. The use of more sensitive tools in detecting the Mindfulness trait could lead to appropriate results as a more structured cognitive behavioural treatment could be contributing to support habitual smokers quit
Does the mindful attention awareness predict abstinence from nicotine smoking 24-h into a cessation programme?
No full textLa dipendenza da tabacco coinvolge molteplici fattori di tipo psicologico, neurobiologico e sociale, per questo si tratta di una dipendenza difficile da combattere. La ricerca ha ottenuto risultati piuttosto limitati nel raggiungere conclusioni precise sui predittori di esito che possano migliorare il trattamento da disassuefazione da nicotina. Lo scopo del presente studio è analizzare il ruolo del
costrutto di Mindfulness nell’astinenza da fumo di sigaretta in individui sottoposti a trattamento di disassuefazione con terapia farmacologica e counseling motivazionale prevedendo un’associazione positiva con la probabilità di smettere di fumare. Nell’articolo si riportano i dati preliminari sulla cessazione da fumo alle prime 24 ore di completa astinenza relativi a un gruppo di ventisei fumatori reclutato per uno studio più ampio, ancora in corso, cui si somministravano il Fagerström Test of the Nicotine Dependence (FTND), il General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) e la Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). I risultati suggeriscono che il punteggio relativo alla Mindfulness risulta il fattore di rilievo per l’astinenza da nicotina. Un ampliamento del campione e ricerche più approfondite sono tuttavia indispensabili per confermare questo dato e approfondire la relazione tra questo costrutto e l’astinenza per poter progettare interventi indirizzati ad accrescere i livelli di consapevolezza che potrebbero contribuire a migliorare gli esiti dei programmi di disassuefazione da nicotina.Many psychological, neurobiological and social factors are involved in tobacco abuse. Research on nicotine addiction has achieved partial results in identifying useful variables as indicators of treatment outcomes of tobacco smoking cessation. The aim of our research is to analyse the relationships between the mindfulness construct and smoking abstinence in individuals subjected to pharmacological treatment and motivational counselling, exploring whether the mindful construct is associated with increased likelihood of smoking cessation. In this paper, preliminary data from a pilot study carried out in Northern Italy with a sample of 25 smokers enrolled from a smoking cessation programme are described. Participants were evaluated with the Fagerström Test of the Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and had a target-quit date of 24-h, which represented the first day of complete abstinence. Results indicated that the Mindful score appears as a salient factor for abstinence. More research is warranted in order to confirm our findings and identify the most effective ways to modify pre-quit characteristics that may help smokers to achieve the first smoking cessation milestone. In this way, it will possible to design training addressed to increasing awareness levels that could improve the outcome of smoking cessation programmes and prevent patient relapse
Temperamental dimensions and pharmacological treatments effects on smoking cessation
No full textLa ricerca sulla dipendenza da nicotina ha ottenuto risultati piuttosto limitati nell’identificare le variabili utilizzabili come indicatori per migliorare gli esiti del trattamento farmacologico della disassuefazione. La personalità è uno dei fattori considerati relativamente all’inizio, al mantenimento e alla cessazione del fumo. Lo scopo di questo articolo è analizzare i rapporti tra dimensioni temperamentali di personalità, dipendenza da nicotina (ND), numero di sigarette fumate giornalmente (CPD) e cessazione del fumo dopo trattamento comprendente counseling motivazionale e terapia farmacologica.
Metodi È stata condotta un’analisi retrospettiva per valutare se le dimensioni temperamentali Novelty Seeking (NS), Reward Dependence (RD), Harm Avoidance (HA), Persistence (P) del TCI-R di Robert Cloninger e altri fattori connessi alla dipendenza da nicotina possano prevedere l’esito del trattamento rispetto alla terapia farmacologica. Un campione di 161 fumatori richiedente un intervento per la cessazione del fumo ha compilato il Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R). La dipendenza da nicotina (ND) e l’uso di nicotina definito come il numero di sigarette fumate giornalmente (CPD) sono stati misurati con il Test di Fagerström (FTND). La cessazione del fumo è stata valutata a conclusione della terapia (tra le 9-12 settimane) e dopo il follow-up (40esima settimana dal termine del trattamento) misurando il monossido di carbonio (CO) nell’aria espirata.
Risultati: Le dimensioni temperamentali non predicono gli esiti mentre il numero di sigarette fumate giornalmente e la terapia farmacologica sono fattori di rilievo per il successo del trattamento.
Conclusioni: Sono necessari ulteriori studi per identificare fattori predittivi della cessazione del fumo.Introduction:
Research on nicotine addiction has achieved rather limited results in identifying useful variables as indicators of better pharmacological treatment outcomes of tobacco smoking cessation. Personality traits have been considered as one of the factors combined to smoking initiation, maintenance and cessation. This paper aims to analyze relationships between temperamental di-mensions of personality, nicotine dependence (ND), number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), and cessation after medical treatment and motivational counseling.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate if Temperamental Dimensions such as Novelty Seeking (NS), Reward Dependence (RD), Harm Avoidance (HA), Persistence (P) (assessed
using Robert Cloninger’s TCI-R), and other factors linked to nicotine addiction were able to predict pharmacological treatment outcome. A sample of 161 smokers who were taking part in an ambulatory smoking cessation intervention program answered to Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R). Nicotine Dependence (ND) and Nicotine Use, defined as number of cigarette smoked per day (CPD) were measured with the Fagerström Test for the Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Tobacco cessation was self-reported at post treatment (9th-12th weeks) and at the follow-up (40th week after treatment interruption) and biologically confirmed through expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) test.
Results: Temperamental dimensions do not predict outcomes while CPD and pharmacological treatment represent salient factors for abstinence.
Conclusions: Further research is necessary to identify predictors in smoking cessation
Mindful Attention Awareness as a Predictor of Smoking Quitting in Nicotine Cessation Treatment: Preliminary Data from a Pilot Study
No full textIn tobacco abuse many psychological, neuro-biological and social factors are involved. Research on nicotine addiction has achieved rather than limited results in identifying useful variables as indicators of treatment outcomes for tobacco smoking cessation. The aim of our research is to analyze the relationships between the mindfulness construct and smoking abstinence in individuals subjected to pharmacological treatment and motivational counseling exploring if the mindful construct is associated with increased likelihood of smoking cessation. Preliminary data from a pilot study carried out in the northern of Italy with a sample of 25 smokers enrolled from a smoking cessation program were reported. Participants were evaluated with the Fagerström test, General Health Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and were assigned a target-quit date of 24-hr which is the first day that they will attempt complete abstinence. Results indicated that mindful score appears as a salient factor for abstinence. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings identifying ways to modify pre-quit characteristics that may help smokers to achieve the first smoking cessation milestone
The role of personality in predicting the effect of a road-safety education program on the decrease of reported violations
Full text linkThis paper examines the roles of a road safety intervention and three personality traits in predicting drivers’ self-reported aberrant behaviours. Ninety-nine individuals recruited during their driver licence attendance are randomized in the experimental or control group. The intervention aimed at modifies knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Six months later participants received the Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) designed to assess the differentiation between deliberate deviations from safe driving practices and mistakes due to misjudgements or lapses in attention. Compared with control group, participants in the intervention group reported significantly higher scores in learning questionnaire. Statistical analysis on DBQ data showed participants in the experimental condition reporting significantly lower errors and violations compared to controls. No personality trait predicted risky driving and no interactive effect emerged in measures of self-reported driving violations. Practical implications of the study are development of relevant instruments to establish effective components of educational program in order to perform a road safety education
Dopamine-2 receptors play a major role in renal hemodynamic changes and natriuresis of water immersion in man
No full textRole of blood pressure in the natriuretic response to acute calcium channel blockade in humans
No full textPTH modulation of renal hemodynamic changes induced by Angiotensin II in man: lack of mediation by renal prostacyclin production
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