1,721,017 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Contribution of meta-analysis techniques in the therapeutic management of a geriatric PRM population
No full textLe but de cette thèse était de montrer l’intérêt des techniques de méta-analyse afin d’optimiser les thérapeutiques dans le domaine de la Médecine Physique et Réadaptation (MPR) gériatrique. Dans un premier travail concernant la pharmacocinétique des benzodiazépines et les modifications liées à l’âge, nous avons synthétisé les données disponibles sur les principales molécules prescrites en Europe. Cette revue a jeté les bases du travail suivant de méta-analyse qui a montré les effets de l’âge sur les paramètres pharmacocinétiques à l’aide d’une méta-régression (diminution significative de -0,99 mL/min/an de la clairance de l’Alprazolam et augmentation de + 0,42 h/an pour la demi-vie du Diazépam). Nos résultats ont permis de préciser la rareté des données de pharmacologie des benzodiazépines chez les personnes âgées (0,8% des patients >75ans), bien qu’elles soient principalement exposées. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons réalisé une méta-analyse basée sur un modèle afin de mesurer les effets dose-réponse de la toxine botulique dans le traitement de la spasticité après AVC. Nous avons mis en évidence une efficacité similaire des différentes toxines à 5 semaines après injection mais une différence dans leurs durées d’action.Les techniques de méta-analyses peuvent être utilisées pour résoudre des questions qui ne sont pas traitées par les études individuelles. Elles s’adaptent parfaitement aux populations de MPR et de gériatrie qui sont difficilement incluables dans les essais thérapeutiques. Les méta-analyses sont un outil de choix pour démontrer un effet dans les disciplines où des essais randomisés de grande taille dédiés à ces populations sont difficiles à réaliser.The aim of this thesis was to exemplify the benefit of pharmacological meta-analysis techniques applied to geriatric physical and rehabilitation medicine. In a first work concerning the pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines and age-related changes, we have synthetized the available data on the main molecules prescribed in Europe. This review laid the foundations for the following meta-analysis work. We analyzed the effects of age on the modification of benzodiazepine pharmacokinetic parameters using meta-regression which showed the effects of age on pharmacokinetic parameters using meta-regression (significant decrease of -0.99 mL/min/year in Alprazolam clearance and increase of +0.42 h/year in Diazepam half-life). Our results highlighted the lack of data regarding the pharmacology of benzodiazepines in the older people (0.8% of patients >75 years of age), although they are mainly exposed. In a final work, we performed a model-based meta-analysis to measure the dose-response effects of botulinum toxin in the treatment of spasticity after stroke. The goal of our study was to determine optimal dosages based on target and duration of toxin efficacy. The model allows comparison between different toxins. We showed a similar efficacy of the different toxins at 5 weeks after injection but a difference in their duration of action.Meta-analysis techniques can be used to resolve issues not addressed by individual studies. They are perfectly adapted to PRM and geriatric populations that are difficult to include in therapeutic trials. Meta-analyses are a useful tool to demonstrate evidence of effect in medical fields where large randomized controlled trials are difficult to implement
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Walking performance of hemiplegic patients after stroke : Determinants, training and Neuromodulation
No full textLes AVC constituent une urgence hospitalière. Il faut agir au plus tôt pour sauver la vie du malade, limiter les atteintes neurologiques et réduire les dysfonctionnements ultérieurs. Les survivants d’AVC ont des limitations fonctionnelles et en récupèrent incomplètement dans la grande majorité des cas. La plupart d’entre eux marchent avec des séquelles persistantes, à cause de l’hémiparésie. Les résultats modestes obtenus après la rééducation/réadaptation renforcent le besoin de s’interroger sur la part des déterminants de la marche dans la faible capacité de déambulation des hémiparétiques. La problématique de cette thèse est fondée sur la capacité de marche post-AVC. Son but était de rechercher d’une part, les liens possibles entre les atteintes périphériques du muscle, sa neurophysiologie et les limitations de performances motrices observées chez l’hémiparétique ; et d’autre part, les possibilités d’amélioration des processus de commandes centrales de la marche en rapport avec la plasticité cérébrale grâce à l’utilisation d’une technique innovante, la stimulation transcrânienne à courant directe (tDCS) et par un ré-entrainement.Les résultats obtenus à l’issue des quatre études menées apportent de meilleures connaissances sur l’état fonctionnelle du muscle après l’AVC et sur la possibilité d’améliorer la marche de l’hémiparétique. Un état des lieux de la capacité de marche en prenant pour repère l’environnement socio-économique de la prise comme un des déterminants de l’amélioration de la récupération motrice a permis non seulement de comprendre l’importance de cette donnée (souvent négligée par la littérature), dans la capacité de déambulation et donc d’intégration des hémiparétiques. Les autres études ont ressorti, la part des limitations induites par les modifications musculaires après l’AVC et ont favorisé la conception et la mise en place des stratégies de prise en charge de la marche. L’ensemble des altérations structurelle, biochimique et neurophysiologique du muscle suite à l’AVC participe à l’expression des diverses déficiences motrices observées chez le patient hémiplégique, par un amoindrissement de sa force, sa puissance et son endurance. Dans le cas de la réadaptation de la marche chez l’hémiparétique, deux études ont été conduites en utilisant la tDCS. Elles ont permis de montrer que la tDCS peut améliorer la plasticité cérébrale, observation faite à travers le gain global sur les performances de marche avec une stimulation unique ; mais aussi qu’elle peut être utilisée en stimulation itératives combiné à un programme au ré-entrainement à l’effort.La tDCS à cause de sa portabilité, son utilisation relativement facile et surtout son coût moins élevé reste un outil qui peut facilement s’intégrer au contexte de la prise en charge dans les pays à revenus limités. Les résultats obtenus à travers cette Thèse sont porteurs d’espoir quant à l’amélioration de la performance de marche chez l’hémiplégique vasculaire.Stroke is a hospital emergency. Action must be taken as soon as possible to save the patient's life, limit neurological damage and reduce subsequent dysfunctions. Stroke survivors have functional limitations. Most of them walk with persistent sequelae because of the persistence of hemiparesis. The objective of this thesis was to improve the qualitative and quantitative walking ability of hemiplegic patients of vascular origin by direct current transcranial stimulation and exercise re-training. The results of the four studies provide a better understanding of the functional status of the muscle after stroke and the potential for improving hemiparetic function. The hemiparetic muscle has a performance limitation, because 12 months after ictus, there is: a loss of muscle mass (from 20 to 25%), a gain in fat mass (from 17 to 30.6%), a decrease in the size and proportion of muscle fibers (43% type I fiber) and capillary density (38%), a reduction in the ability to recruit muscle fibers with an increase in the activation time of the motor units and the persistence of rest motor activity. All these structural, biochemical and neurophysiological alterations contribute to the expression of the various motor deficiencies observed in the hemiplegic patient. The other results are related to post-stroke walking. The qualitative and quantitative improvement of walking depends on the quality of care and the socio-economic means used for rehabilitation care. With a single anodic tDCS, gains of 15% during stimulation (p = 0.360) and 25% one hour after stimulation (p = 0.038) were obtained. By combining an anodic tDCS with a 6-week exercise re-training, gains of 5% and 5.7% (p > 0.05) were reported in endurance (6MWT) and speed (10mWT) respectively.It is therefore possible to combine tDCS with the exercise re-training program with good tolerance. The results obtained give hope for improving walking performance in vascular hemiplegic patients
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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