1,720,972 research outputs found
Seasonal variations in the Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) microbiome
No full textBactrocera oleae is well-known for the wide symbiotic relationships linked with the adult and larval stages phenology. In the whole microbiome of the fly stands out the primary bacterium "Candidatus Erwinia dacicola", usually vertically transmitted and hosted in an oesophageal diverticulum, the "Bulb," and in the gut of larvae and adults. Quantitatively, the titer is not so much high in the new-emerged adults. Still, it increases quickly during the first days until it is impossible to remove the bacterium through oral antibiotic administrations after the fifth day. Due to the peculiar characteristics of "Ca. Erwinia dacicola" and its symbiotic relation with the fly, it is commonly used as an indicator to evaluate the actual symbiotic titer. The absolute quantization of "Ca. Erwinia dacicola" was obtained with Real-Time qPCRs after an extraction of both symbionts and host DNAs from the heads and the abdomens separately, on pools of 4 females. The wild adults were obtained from olives attacked by B. oleae and collected in Portici (NA) all along the fly's activity period, from June to the end of December, for two subsequent years. The results highlighted a cyclical and seasonal variability in the symbiont presence that follows and adapts to the seasonal modifications acting on the phenology of the host and modifying its physiology due to the environmental and climatic conditions. Such results underline the need to accurately define the timing and control techniques of the fly populations based on the alteration of the fly's microbiome
Characterization of Smoke Waters and their effects on Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) microbiome
No full textFrom the pyrolysis of organic feedstock, aside from Biochar and Bio-oils, it is possible to obtain volatile fractions that
can be bubbled in distilled water to obtain the "smoke waters" (SWs), rich in biological compounds and usable for energy purposes or technological applications. Overall, 10 different SWs types were generated and investigated from 5 organic feedstocks treated at 300 and 500°C, with which 2 mixtures were produced. The SWs investigated were obtained from solid olive mill waste (OLI mix) and from dried and finely crushed corn (Zea mays L.) leaf and stem; (3) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay; (4) sawdust of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood; and (5) cellulose from filter paper (MIX). The SWs and the two mixtures obtained from them were characterized with GC-MS. The effect of oral administrations of OLI and MIX on the Bactrocera oleae fitness was evaluated throughout bioassays carried out with groups of wild new-emerged adults of both sexes, collected from clearly attacked olives harvested in Parco Gussone in Portici (NA). The compounds were administered through a diet of water and sugar added with known amounts of the two mixtures. The alteration effects on the microbiome of the fly were evaluated at the end of each replication. Real Time qPCRs were carried out on pools of 4 females to quantify the presence of the primary endosymbiont, "Candidatus Erwinia dacicola". The analysis were completed on DNA extracted from the head, esophageal bulb's seat, and the intestine's abdomen. The results highlight how the MIX administration limits the bacterial titer and even halves it in the gut, with strong phonological effects also in the subsequent generation. The OLI mixture promotes, instead, the symbiont proliferation both in the bulb and in the gut
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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