5,984 research outputs found
PiLa-CS Professional Learning Community - Workshop 2 Resources
No full textDuring the Summer of 2021 and 2022, the Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS) Research Practice Partnership convened and supported a community of practice to learn more about how to enable better CS teaching for emergent bilinguals. These are materials from Workshop 2 of the PLC.Sponsored by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant CNS-1738645 and DRL-1837446. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
Translanguaging Pedagogy in CS Ed
No full textEpisode 3: Translanguaging pedagogy in CS Education
This video looks at how multilingual students already use translanguaging in their computer science classes and discusses how CS educators can further support them with translanguaging pedagogy, a framework that prompts teachers to consider their stance, design, and shifts.
Featuring team members from Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS), https://www.pila-cs.orgEpisode 3: Translanguaging pedagogy in CS Education
This video looks at how multilingual students already use translanguaging in their computer science classes and discusses how CS educators can further support them with translanguaging pedagogy, a framework that prompts teachers to consider their stance, design, and shifts.
Featuring team members from Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS), https://www.pila-cs.orgSponsored by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant CNS-1738645 and DRL-1837446. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
PiLa-CS Professional Learning Community - Design Journal Template
No full textDuring the Summer of 2021 and 2022, the Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS) Research Practice Partnership convened and supported a community of practice to learn more about how to enable better CS teaching for emergent bilinguals. These are materials from from the PLC for a Design Journal to act as a planing template for teachers.Sponsored by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant CNS-1738645 and DRL-1837446. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
I polimorfismi del gene del fattore Von Willebrand (VWF) modulano l'aumento del VWF, indotto da corticosteroidi, nella sindrome di Cushing
No full textCushing's Syndrome (CS) is associated with a hypercoagulable state, mainly due to a cortisol-induced increase in von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII) levels. The condition increases the cardiovascular risk in CS patients, predisposing them to thromboembolic complications. The mortality rate due to cardiovascular events in CS subjects is 4 times the figure for the general population.
In normal conditions, plasma VWF concentrations are highly variable because they are influenced by several environmental and genetic factors. The ABO blood group system is the main inherited modulator of VWF levels, but a role has also been attributed to the VWF gene promoter polymorphisms -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G and -2527 G/A, which segregate mainly as haplotype 1 (GCAG) or haplotype 2 (CTGA), the former being associated with higher mean VWF levels than the latter. Another functional element recently characterized in the VWF gene promoter is the microsatellite -2144 (GT)n, which modulates the up-regulation of VWF levels in shear stress conditions.
This study originated from the hitherto unreported observation that some patients with CS are not susceptible to the hemostatic effect of cortisol excess: despite having the classic symptoms of hypercortisolism, their VWF levels remain normal. The aim of this work was to establish whether particular polymorphic patterns in the VWF gene promoter influence corticosteroid-induced VWF modulation. To do so, polymorphisms -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G, -2527G/A and -2144 (GT)n of VWF gene promoter were analyzed in a cohort of 69 CS patients.
The CS patients were divided into groups A or B, depending on whether their VWF levels were high or normal, respectively. For the purposes of this classification, their ABO blood group was considered and two different normal ranges for VWF were used, i.e. 62-117 U/dL for O blood group cases and 68-171 U/dL for non-O patients, calculated on 160 normal individuals matched for gender and age.
There were 40 CS patients in group A (high VWF levels) and 29 in group B (normal VWF levels). Haplotype distributions for SNPs -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G and -2527G/A differed statistically between the two groups, haplotype 1 being more represented in group A and haplotype 2 in group B (p=0.003). A statistically significant difference was also found between the two patient groups and the controls (p=0.0002 and p=0.006 for groups A and B, respectively). OR analysis revealed that CS patients with haplotype 1 have a 4-fold risk of developing high VWF levels and a consequent thrombophilic condition by comparison with cases with haplotype 2 (OR=3.8, p=0.001). This risk increases to up to 14-fold for patients with genotype 1/1 respect to genotype 2/2 (OR=14.5, p=0.01).
As for the -2144 (GT)n locus, alleles from 15 to 24 GT repeats long were seen in the normal population, (GT)21 and (GT)19 being the most frequent (39.4% and 34.1%, respectively). In CS patients, (GT)S variants (Short, 15-19 GT repeats) were found associated with increased VWF levels (group A), and (GT)L alleles (Long, 20-24 GT repeats) with normal VWF levels (group B) (p=0.01). The OR revealed that the risk of high VWF levels was 3 times greater for (GT)S alleles than for (GT)L (OR=2.8, p=0.01), and 13 times greater for genotype (GT)S/(GT)S than for (GT)L/(GT)L (OR=13.1, p=0.01). Both haplotype 1 and (GT)S alleles therefore constitute markers of thrombotic risk for CS patients.
Another interesting finding that emerged in this study was that the loci (GT)n and haplotype -3268/-2709/-2661/-2527 of the VWF gene promoter are in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD): haplotype 1 mainly segregates with (GT)S, haplotype 2 with (GT)L (p<0.0001).
As for the VWF levels determination in normal conditions, no effect of polymorphisms -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G, -2527G/A and -2144 (GT)n was demonstrated in the healthy population investigated (p=0.69).
In conclusion, our results showed that a large LD region of the VWF gene promoter is involved in modulating corticosteroid-induced VWF up-regulation. In CS haplotype 1 (GCAG) and (GT)S alleles are associated with a greater risk of developing a hypercoagulable state due to an increase in VWF levels, so they constitute new markers of thrombotic risk. On the other hand, haplotype 2 and (GT)L represent a protective factor for CS patients. The finding that the polymorphisms investigated had no detectable effect on VWF modulation in normal conditions suggests that they may be part of a transcriptional regulatory system, which is triggered by particular environmental stimuli.La Sindrome di Cushing (CS) è associata ad uno stato ipercoagulabile dovuto prevalentemente all'incremento cortisolo-dipendente dei livelli di fattore von Willebrand (VWF) e fattore VIII (FVIII). Questa condizione contribuisce all'aumentato rischio cardiovascolare della CS predisponendo i pazienti allo sviluppo di eventi tromboembolici. Infatti i soggetti con CS presentano una mortalità per cause cardiovascolari quattro volte superiore rispetto alla popolazione generale.
In condizioni normali le concentrazioni plasmatiche di VWF sono altamente variabili poiché vengono influenzate da numerosissimi fattori sia ambientali che genetici. Il sistema dei gruppi sanguigni ABO è il principale modulatore genetico dei livelli di VWF, ma un ruolo significativo è stato anche attribuito ai polimorfismi -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G e -2527 G/A del promotore del gene VWF. Tali polimorfismi segregano principalmente come aplotipo 1 (GCAG) o aplotipo 2 (CTGA) e l'aplotipo 1 si associa a livelli di VWF mediamente più elevati rispetto all'aplotipo 2. Un altro elemento funzionale recentemente caratterizzato nel promotore del gene VWF, è il microsatellite -2144 (GT)n che modula l'up-regolazione dei livelli di VWF in condizioni di shear stress.
Questo studio è nato dall'osservazione, mai riportata prima, che alcuni pazienti con CS sono resistenti all'azione del cortisolo quale up-regolatore dei livelli di VWF: questi soggetti presentano tutti i sintomi classici associati all'ipercortisolismo, ma mantengono valori di VWF perfettamente normali. Lo scopo del lavoro è stato quello di verificare se la presenza di particolari aplotipi nel promotore del gene VWF influenzi l'aumento dei livelli di VWF indotto da eccesso di glucocorticoidi. A tal fine sono stati analizzati i polimorfismi -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G, -2527 G/A e -2144 (GT)n in una coorte di 69 pazienti affetti da CS.
I pazienti sono stati suddivisi, in relazione ai livelli di VWF, in gruppo A (VWF aumentato) e gruppo B (VWF normale). Tale suddivisione è stata effettuata tenendo conto del gruppo sanguigno di ciascun individuo e utilizzando due diversi range di norma per il VWF: 62-117 U/dL per i soggetti di gruppo O e 68-171 U/dL per quelli di gruppo non O, calcolati su 160 soggetti normali omogenei, per sesso ed età , ai pazienti studiati.
Il gruppo A (VWF aumentato) comprendeva 40 pazienti, il gruppo B (VWF normale) 29. Le distribuzioni aplotipiche degli SNPs -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G e -2527 G/A nei due gruppi di pazienti sono risultate statisticamente diverse, con una prevalenza dell'aplotipo 1 nel gruppo A e dell'aplotipo 2 nel gruppo B (p=0.003). Una differenza statisticamente significativa è emersa anche tra i singoli gruppi di pazienti e la popolazione normale (p=0.0002 e p=0.006, per A e B rispettivamente). L'analisi degli Odds-ratio (OR) ha rivelato che nei pazienti con CS il rischio di sviluppare alti livelli di VWF, e quindi una condizione trombofilica, è 4 volte superiore in presenza dell'aplotipo 1 rispetto al 2 (OR=3.8, p=0.001); tale rischio diventa ben 14 volte più elevato in condizioni di omozigosi 1/1 rispetto a 2/2 (OR=14.5, p=0.01).
Per quanto concerne il locus (GT)n, i risultati della genotipizzazione hanno rivelato l'esistenza, nella popolazione generale, di alleli di lunghezza variabile tra 15 e 24 ripetizioni GT: (GT)21 (39.4%) e (GT)19 (34.1%) sono gli alleli piu frequenti. Nei pazienti con CS è stata dimostrata un'associazione tra alleli (GT)S (short, 15-19 ripetizioni GT) e incremento dei livelli di VWF (gruppo A), e tra alleli (GT)L (long 20-24 GT) e livelli di VWF normali (gruppo B) (p=0.01). Il calcolo degli OR ha definito che le varianti (GT)S conferiscono ai pazienti un rischio circa 3 volte superiore di sviluppare alti livelli di VWF, rispetto agli alleli (GT)L (OR=2.8, p=0.01) e che tale rischio sale fino a 13 volte in presenza di una condizione di omozigosi (GT)S/(GT)S rispetto a (GT)L/(GT)L (OR=13.1, p=0.01). Sia l'aplotipo 1 che gli alleli (GT)S rappresentano quindi un marcatore di rischio trombotico per i pazienti affetti da CS. Un'altra interessante osservazione, emersa in questo studio, è che i loci (GT)n e aplotipo -3268/-2709/-2661/-2527 sono parte di un'unica regione di linkage disequilibrium (LD) del promotore del gene VWF: l'aplotipo 1 segrega prevalentemente con gli alleli (GT)S, l'aplotipo 2 con gli allei (GT)L (p<0.0001).
Per quanto riguarda la determinazione dei livelli di VWF in condizioni normali, nella popolazione sana oggetto di questo studio, non è emerso alcun effetto dei polimorfismi -3268 G/C, -2709 C/T, 2661 A/G, -2527 G/A e -2144 (GT)n (p=0.69).
In conclusione i risultati ottenuti in questo studio dimostrano che un'ampia regione di LD del promotore del gene VWF è coinvolta nel modulare l'up-regolazione dei livelli di VWF indotta da corticosteroidi. Nei pazienti con CS, la presenza del pattern GCAG (aplotipo 1) e di varianti (GT)S conferisce un aumentato rischio di sviluppare uno stato di ipercoagulabilità dovuto ad alti livelli di VWF, costituendo quindi un nuovo marcatore di rischio trombotico; al contrario il pattern CTGA (aplotipo 2) e gli alleli (GT)L rappresentano, in questo senso, un fattore di protezione. Il fatto che i polimorfismi in esame, apparentemente, non influenzino i livelli di VWF in condizioni normali, suggerisce che essi potrebbero essere parte di un sistema di up-regolazione trascrizionale che viene attivato dalla presenza di particolari stimoli ambientali
Fleet Quickest Routing on Grid Subgraphs
No full textWe consider a routing network where a fleet of vehicles have to move from their origin to their destination. Network nodes correspond to vehicle origins and destinations, route crossing points or points where vehicles are allowed to stop and stay idle. Arcs correspond to directed or undirected routes between couples of nodes. For each arc/node a capacity is given, corresponding to the maximum number of vehicles that can move/stay idle on it. For each arc, a fixed traversal time is also given. The Fleet Quickest Routing (FQR) problem consists in determining a route for each vehicle in order to let it reach the desired destination as quickly as possible, e.g. minimizing the sum over all the arrival times. The problem arises in many contexts: the coordination of automated guided vehicles, the management of airport groundside traffic etc [2, 4]. A possible solution is to route vehicles on shortest paths. However, conflicts may arise, as several vehicles may need the same node or arc at the same time and capacity constraints might be violated. To avoid conflicts, vehicles may stay idle at some nodes for some time, waiting for the next arcs to become available. It follows that moving on a set of shortest paths may not be the optimal choice. Actually, FQR is NP-Hard on general networks [1, 3], while a polynomial Dispatching Algorithm (DA) [1] solves it on grids with equal arc traversal times and simultaneous vehicle starts. In this work, we propose an analysis toward fast heuristic solutions to more general FQR problems, based on modifications of DA. We consider non-complete grids, with arbitrary traversal time and arbitrary vehicle starting positions and times, and we compare different methods. Proposed methods apply the basic DA and use priority rules to solve detected conflicts. A simulation model is used to analyse the performance and compare different conflict management strategies
Arizona Then and Now: Exploring Arizona's Five Cs Through Photography
No full textabstract: Arizona Then and Now: Exploring Arizona's Five Cs Through Photography is a photographic exploration of the evolution of Arizona's five Cs: cotton, copper, citrus, cattle, and climate. This project first looks to the past to see how these five elements shaped the state of Arizona. Photographs were taken across the valley of these elements, or lack thereof, discovering what Arizona has transformed into in the process. Each chapter of the book begins with a brief history of the element focused on in that chapter, followed by an analytical thought about the photographs taken and how the element has evolved. Each chapter shows two historical photographs followed by a series of photographs taken during the project that the author thought depicted what is seen today. The book ends on a final positive note about how the five Cs are not dead, but soon could be completely taken over. This project was a way for a non-art major to explore the state that she grew up while also challenging herself by more than just taking pictures. The photographs displayed in the book depict a sampling of what the author saw that is left of the five Cs
IR-improved DGLAP-CS QCD parton showers in Pythia8
No full textAbstractWe introduce the recently developed IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory into the showers in Pythia8, as this Monte Carlo event generator is in wide use at LHC. We show that, just as it was true in the IR-improved shower Monte Carlo Herwiri, which realizes the IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory in the Herwig6.5 environment, the soft limit in processes such as single heavy gauge boson production is now more physical in the IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory version of Pythia8. This opens the way to one’s getting a comparison between the actual detector simulations for some of the LHC experiments between IR-improved and unimproved showers as Pythia8 is used in detector simulations at LHC whereas Herwig6.5, the environment of the only other IR-improved DGLAP-CS QCD MC in the literature, Herwiri1.031, is not any longer so used. Our achieving the availability of the IR-improved DGLAP-CS Pythia8 then is an important step in the further development of the LHC precision theory program under development by the author and his collaborators
Average hissing for CS+ and CS- with respect to timing.
No full text<p>a, c: Colours indicate the trial (see legend, 1.-4. CS+ are paired with electric shock at 2s (after)) and their intensity the proportion of bees hissing for the CS+ (a) and the CS- (c). b, d: Proportion of bees hissing during the three different sections analysed for both the CS+ (b) and the CS- (d). Same data as in a, c. 0 seconds represents CS onset. The plots show that during CS-, less bees hiss than during CS+. Hissing in the during section increases over trials and bees tend to stop hissing in the CS+ recall test (5. CS and 6. CS), when no shocks are given. n = 104 bees. Binning 100 ms.</p
What CS Ed Can Offer Bi/Multilinguals
No full textEpisode 4: What can CS offer multilingual learners?
This video discusses how computer science education can benefit multilingual learners. You will meet a middle school ENL (English as a New Language) teacher who successfully incorporated both translanguaging pedagogy and CS education into her classroom, leading to a memorable experience for one of her students.
Featuring team members from Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS), https://www.pila-cs.orgEpisode 4: What can CS offer multilingual learners?
This video discusses how computer science education can benefit multilingual learners. You will meet a middle school ENL (English as a New Language) teacher who successfully incorporated both translanguaging pedagogy and CS education into her classroom, leading to a memorable experience for one of her students.
Featuring team members from Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS), https://www.pila-cs.orgSponsored by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant CNS-1738645 and DRL-1837446. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
- …
