1,721,066 research outputs found
Nutritional status and body fluid distribution in chronic alcoholics compared with controls
No full textBackground: At present few data are available on the total body water (TBW) content and in particular on the distribution of water in the intra- and extracellular compartments (ICW and ECW) of alcoholics. The aim of this study was to evaluate TBW, ICW, and ECW in chronic alcoholic patients. Methods: Thirty-six alcoholics meeting DSM-III-R criteria for diagnosis (20 men, women; body mass index [BMI] 22.3 +/- 2.57 kg/m(2)) were enrolled. Fifty-four healthy social drinkers (31 men, 23 women; BMI 23.7 +/- 1.68 kg/m(2)) matched for age and height were used as controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured for all cases. All patients were assessed using specific anthropometric measurements. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was used as an indicator of body fat distribution. TBW was measured by isotopic dilution by giving 100 mu Ci of tritiated water. ICW and ECW were assessed by multifrequence bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Results: Bodyweight was lower in the alcoholics than in the controls (61.9 +/- 5.5 kg vs. 65.8 +/- 5.2 kg; p < 0.01), essentially due to a reduction in fat mass. Significantly higher WHR values were found in both male (p < 0.001) and female (p < 0.001) alcoholics than in healthy subjects. A higher ECW/TBW ratio was found in the alcoholics compared with the controls, both as a whole (0.53 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.03; p < 0.0001) and separated by gender (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The increased ECW could derive from an increase in cellular permeability related to endothelial damage linked to the vasoconstriction present in the alcoholics and/or to a direct toxic effect of ethanol on cellular membranes. In addition, because the high ECW volumes correlated positively with WHR in the alcoholics, a potential association of these two factors in determining an increased risk of liver disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease may exist. Finally, the lower TBW characteristic of women may be one of the reasons for the observed greater rate of toxic effects of ethanol that occur in women
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
sj-doc-1-jop-10.1177_02698811221104063 – Supplemental material for Sodium oxybate for the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients: An international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-jop-10.1177_02698811221104063 for Sodium oxybate for the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients: An international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Julien Guiraud, Giovanni Addolorato, Mariangela Antonelli, Henri-Jean Aubin, Andrea de Bejczy, Amine Benyamina, Roberto Cacciaglia, Fabio Caputo, Maurice Dematteis, Anna Ferrulli, Anna E Goudriaan, Antoni Gual, Otto-Michael Lesch, Icro Maremmani, Antonio Mirijello, David J Nutt, François Paille, Pascal Perney, Roch Poulnais, Quentin Raffaillac, Jürgen Rehm, Benjamin Rolland, Claudia Rotondo, Bruno Scherrer, Nicolas Simon, Katrin Skala, Bo Söderpalm, Lorenzo Somaini, Wolfgang H Sommer, Rainer Spanagel, Gabriele A Vassallo, Henriette Walter and Wim van den Brink in Journal of Psychopharmacology</p
sj-rar-2-jop-10.1177_02698811221104063 – Supplemental material for Sodium oxybate for the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients: An international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-rar-2-jop-10.1177_02698811221104063 for Sodium oxybate for the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients: An international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Julien Guiraud, Giovanni Addolorato, Mariangela Antonelli, Henri-Jean Aubin, Andrea de Bejczy, Amine Benyamina, Roberto Cacciaglia, Fabio Caputo, Maurice Dematteis, Anna Ferrulli, Anna E Goudriaan, Antoni Gual, Otto-Michael Lesch, Icro Maremmani, Antonio Mirijello, David J Nutt, François Paille, Pascal Perney, Roch Poulnais, Quentin Raffaillac, Jürgen Rehm, Benjamin Rolland, Claudia Rotondo, Bruno Scherrer, Nicolas Simon, Katrin Skala, Bo Söderpalm, Lorenzo Somaini, Wolfgang H Sommer, Rainer Spanagel, Gabriele A Vassallo, Henriette Walter and Wim van den Brink in Journal of Psychopharmacology</p
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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