1,720,983 research outputs found
FIGURE 2 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia
No full textFIGURE 2. Neighbor-joining tree of Sarcophaga spp. based on the analysis of 94 COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) barcode sequences of equal length (538 bp). Numbers on the nodes indicate bootstrap support. Distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. Female specimens collected in 2019–2020 in Baden-Württemberg (SW Germany) and analysed morphologically in this study are displayed in bold. Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart was used as an outgroup species.Published as part of Schönberger, Daniel, Giordani, Giorgia, Vanin, Stefano & Whitmore, Daniel, 2022, A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia, pp. 463-480 in Zootaxa 5205 (5) on page 470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/731853
Effect of aminergic signaling on the humoral innate immunity response of Drosophila
Full text linkBiogenic amines are crucial signaling molecules that modulate various physiological life functions both in vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, these neurotransmitters influence the innate and adaptive immunity systems. In this work, we analyzed whether the aminergic neurotransmission of dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine could have an impact on the humoral innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. This is a powerful model system widely used to uncover the insect innate immunity mechanisms which are also conserved in mammals. We found that the neurotransmission of all these amines positively modulates the Toll-responsive antimicrobial peptide (AMP) drosomycin (drs) gene in adult flies infected with the Micrococcus luteus bacterium. Indeed, we showed that either blocking the neurotransmission in their specific aminergic neurons by expressing shibire(ts) (Shi(ts)) or silencing the vesicular monoamine transporter gene (dVMAT) by RNAi caused a significantly reduced expression of the Toll-responsive drs gene. However, upon M. luteus infection, the block of aminergic transmission did not alter the expression of AMP attacin genes responding to the immune deficiency (Imd) and Toll pathways. Overall, our results not only reveal a neuroimmune function for biogenic amines in humoral immunity but also further highlight the complexity of the network controlling AMP gene regulation
FIGURE 6. Syntergosternite 7 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia
No full textFIGURE 6. Syntergosternite 7+8 of male Sarcophaga (s. str.) [no specimen data available]. A–E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; C–F. Not to scale. A. S. subvicina: sntgst 7+8 very distinctly pruinose, with long and dense setae of similar length and density as in basal part of epandrium; distal 1/10 very distinctly pruinose. B. S. subvicina, other specimen: sntgst 7+8 slightly pruinose, with long setae. C. S. subvicina, other specimen: sntgst 7+8 normally pruinose, setae not dense. D. S. carnaria: sntgst 7+8 fully glossy, with very long, not dense setae and setae getting shorter and denser towards basal part of epandrium. E. S. variegata: sntgst 7+8 slightly pruinose, with long setae. F. S. carnaria, same specimen as in Fig. 6D: sntgst 7+8 glossy, with short but dense setae. Abbreviations: fg = fully glossy, sntgst 7+8 = syntergosternite 7+8, ta = transition abrupt, tg = transition gradual, vdp = very distinctly pruinose.Published as part of Schönberger, Daniel, Giordani, Giorgia, Vanin, Stefano & Whitmore, Daniel, 2022, A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia, pp. 463-480 in Zootaxa 5205 (5) on page 476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/731853
FIGURE 5 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia
No full textFIGURE 5. Female terminalia of Sarcophaga (s. str.). A. Tergite 6 (T6), with spiracles. B–E. Tergite 8 (T8), cerci and hypoproct. F–G. Spermathecae (SPE). A. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007083). B. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007082): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, lacking setae. C. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007079): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, with ca. 20 setae. D. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007080): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, lacking setae. E. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007070): sclerotisation on T8 clearly visible and distinct, T8 with ca. 32 setae. F. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007051): spherical apex of SPE distinctly broader than base. G. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007073): spherical apex of SPE comparatively narrow (only slightly wider than base).Published as part of Schönberger, Daniel, Giordani, Giorgia, Vanin, Stefano & Whitmore, Daniel, 2022, A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia, pp. 463-480 in Zootaxa 5205 (5) on page 473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/731853
Record of Leptometopa latipes (Diptera: Milichiidae) from a human cadaver in the Mediterranean area
No full textIn forensic entomology, insects are used mainly to obtain information about the time since death. This information is obtained studying the developmental rate of the first colonizers, principally species in the families Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Stratiomyidae and Phoridae. However, species belonging to other families can provide information about body transfer or the season of the death. Among them Milichiidae are flies rarely reported from human cases despite the larvae of some species are known as saprophagous feeding on plant and animal decomposing matter. A potential cause of the lack of records of these species from forensic cases can be related with the paucity of descriptions and illustrations of the immature stages. In this article, the entomological samples collected from a human body found inside an apartment in a Maghreb country, in Northern Africa, is reported and Leptometopa latipes (Diptera: Milichiidae) is described in detail. Molecular analysis is also reported to confirm the morphological analysis
Retrotransposons Down- and Up-Regulation in Aging Somatic Tissues
Full text linkThe transposon theory of aging hypothesizes the activation of transposable elements (TEs) in somatic tissues with age, leading to a shortening of the lifespan. It is thought that TE activation in aging produces an increase in DNA double-strand breaks, contributing to genome instability and promoting the activation of inflammatory responses. To investigate how TE regulation changes in somatic tissues during aging, we analyzed the expression of some TEs, as well as a source of small RNAs that specifically silence the analyzed TEs; the Drosophila cluster named flamenco. We found significant variations in the expression levels of all the analyzed TEs during aging, with a trend toward reduction in middle-aged adults and reactivation in older individuals that suggests dynamic regulation during the lifespan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
