3 research outputs found
The unbearable hurtfulness of sarcasm
No full text[EN] In the last decade, the need to detect automatically irony to correctly recognize the sentiment and hate speech involved in online texts increased the investigation on humorous figures of speech in NLP. The slight boundaries among various types of irony lead to think of irony as a linguistic phenomenon that covers sarcasm, satire, humor and parody joined by their trend to create a secondary or opposite meaning to the literal one expressed in the message. Although this commonality, in literature sarcasm is defined as a type of irony more aggressive with the intent to mock or scorn a victim without excluding the possibility to amuse. The aggressive tone and the intent of contempt suggest that sarcasm involves some peculiarities that make it a suitable type of irony to disguise negative messages. To investigate these peculiarities of sarcasm, we examined the dataset of the IronITA shared task. It consists of Italian tweets about controversial social issues, such as immigration, politics and other more general topics. Each tweet is annotated as ironic and non-ironic, and, at a deeper level, as sarcastic and non-sarcastic. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the dataset showed how sarcasm tends to be expressed with hurtful language revealing the aggressive intention with which the author targets the victim. While irony is characterized by being offensive in hateful context and, in general, moved by negative emotions. For a better understanding of the impact of hurtful and affective language on the detection of irony and sarcasm, we proposed a transformer-based system, called AlBERToIS, combining pre-trained AlBERTo model with linguistic features. This approach obtained the best performances on irony and sarcasm detection on the IronITA dataset.The work of S. Frenda, A.T. Cignarella, C. Bosco and V. Patti was partially funded by VolksWagen Stiftung and Compagnia di San Paolo, Italy under the call "Challenges for Europe'' for the research projects "STudying European Racial Hoaxes and sterEOTYPES'' (STERHEOTYPES, S129542). The work of V. Basile, A.T. Cignarella, C. Bosco and V. Patti was partially funded by Google, Italy under the call "Google.org Impact Challenge on Safety'' for the project "Be Positive!''. Finally, the work of P. Rosso was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain under the research project MISMIS-FAKEnHATE on MISinformation and MIScommunication in social media "FAKE news and HATE speech'' (PGC2018-096212-BC31) and by the Generalitat Valenciana under DeepPattern, Spain (PROMETEO/2019/121).Frenda, S.; Cignarella, AT.; Basile, V.; Bosco, C.; Patti, V.; Rosso, P. (2022). The unbearable hurtfulness of sarcasm. Expert Systems with Applications. 193:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116398S11819
The pictorial wit of Domenico Tiepolo
No full textThis thesis takes a new approach to Domenico Tiepolo’s (1727-1804), Divertimento Per li Regazzi (c.1795-1804), it is arguably the artists most enigmatic graphic work, which features the commedia dell’arte character Pulcinella. The drawings have hitherto been subject to rigorous connoisseurial analysis. Indeed, in his introduction to ten of the drawings in a catalogue of Italian Eighteenth-Century Drawings in The Robert Lehman Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, James Byam Shaw states that this particular series of drawings has now become so famous ‘that it is hardly necessary to add to the literature of the series.’1 In my opinion it would be a great pity if future generations of scholars were discouraged by this remark, for I believe the drawings still have much to ‘tell’ the contemporary art historian and would further benefit from increasingly interpretative readings. Previously, scholars have regarded Domenico Tiepolo as an imitator of his father, Giambattista Tiepolo (1696-1770), and interpreted the re-appropriation of motifs in the Divertimento as signs of old age and fatigue. I suggest, on the contrary, that in this series of drawings in particular, Domenico was an innovator.
This project carves out new territories within the study of the series in that it focuses on the playful nature of the drawings, and how the suite can be understood in relation to contemporary theory concerning games and play, and ludic musical/improvisatory forms. Additionally, the drawings are discussed as a case history in a now popular emerging dialectic on the late works of aged artists: here I consider how these drawings, often funny, poignant, sensitive and delicate reveal how the elderly painter reconciles himself not only to the passing of his own life and the extinction of his family line but to an entire political, cultural and visual tradition
Prescription appropriateness of anti-diabetes drugs in elderly patients hospitalized in a clinical setting. evidence from the REPOSI register
No full textDiabetes is an increasing global health burden with the highest prevalence (24.0%) observed in elderly people. Older diabetic adults have a greater risk of hospitalization and several geriatric syndromes than older nondiabetic adults. For these conditions, special care is required in prescribing therapies including anti- diabetes drugs. Aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness and the adherence to safety recommendations in the prescriptions of glucose-lowering drugs in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the REgistro POliterapie-Società Italiana Medicina Interna (REPOSI) that collected clinical information on patients aged ≥ 65 years acutely admitted to Italian internal medicine and geriatric non-intensive care units (ICU) from 2010 up to 2019. Prescription appropriateness was assessed according to the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria and anti-diabetes drug data sheets.Among 5349 patients, 1624 (30.3%) had diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. At admission, 37.7% of diabetic patients received treatment with metformin, 37.3% insulin therapy, 16.4% sulfonylureas, and 11.4% glinides. Surprisingly, only 3.1% of diabetic patients were treated with new classes of anti- diabetes drugs. According to prescription criteria, at admission 15.4% of patients treated with metformin and 2.6% with sulfonylureas received inappropriately these treatments. At discharge, the inappropriateness of metformin therapy decreased (10.2%, P < 0.0001). According to Beers criteria, the inappropriate prescriptions of sulfonylureas raised to 29% both at admission and at discharge. This study shows a poor adherence to current guidelines on diabetes management in hospitalized elderly people with a high prevalence of inappropriate use of sulfonylureas according to the Beers criteria
