1,721,009 research outputs found
Cardiovascular risk factor profiles in the development and progression of physical limitation in old age : a population-based study
No full textPreservation of independence has been reported to be highly desired by older adults, even more than longevity. However, subclinical cardiovascular pathology can threaten a healthy older adult’s maintenance of physical function. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the role and potential neuropathological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease-related risk factors in the development of physical limitation and disability in older adults. Data were taken from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) for the initial three studies and from the embedded SNAC-K MRI sub-study for the final study.Study I. Over six years of follow-up, of the 1971 persons free of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) at baseline, 119 (6.0%) persons developed ADL-disability. Limitation in both the one-leg balance stand (Conclusion. Cardiovascular risk factors increase the risk of future physical limitation and disability, and brain abnormalities explain part of the underlying pathology driving the decline in physical function. However, risk profiles may differ between age groups of older adults, which suggests that interventions targeting decreasing cardiovascular risk may be more beneficial among younger-old adults, while older-old may benefit more from the maintenance of physical function.List of scientific papersI. Emerald G. Heiland, Anna-Karin Welmer, Rui Wang, Giola Santoni, Sara Angleman, Laura Fratiglioni, Chengxuan Qiu. Association of mobility limitations with incident disability among older adults: a population-based study. Age & Ageing. 2016, 45:812-819. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw076 II. Emerald G. Heiland, Chengxuan Qiu, Rui Wang, Giola Santoni, Yajun Liang, Laura Fratiglioni, Anna-Karin Welmer. Cardiovascular risk burden and future risk of walking speed limitation in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2017, 65:2418-2424. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15158 III. Emerald G. Heiland, Anna-Karin Welmer, Rui Wang, Giola Santoni, Laura Fratiglioni, Chengxuan Qiu. Increased risk of disability in older adults with cardiovascular risk factors: variation by age and functional status. [Submitted]IV. Emerald G. Heiland, Anna-Karin Welmer, Laura Fratiglioni, Grégoria Kalpouzos, Anna Laveskog, Rui Wang, Chengxuan Qiu. Walking speed decline in older adults in relation to cerebral small vessel disease: a population-based study. [Manuscript]</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
How well are we aging? Capturing the complexity of health trajectories of older adults
No full textDespite its positive nature, population aging represents a public health challenge that could be alleviated by maintaining good health during older age. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate how well people are aging, taking the complexity of their health status into account. All four studies included data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Study I also gathered data from the Kungsholmen Project (KP). The reference population consisted of the people living in the community or in an institution in Stockholm, Sweden. In the KP, they were aged 75+ in 1987, and in SNAC-K, aged 60+ between 2001 and 2004.Study I. Between 1991 and 2010, both prevalence and incidence of disability remained steady with a tendency towards a gradual decline. In this period, survival increased in functionally independent people but remained constant in disabled people. Our findings suggest that we are living longer and healthier lives, at least in urban-dwelling non-impoverished societies with access to adequate health care and public health assistance.Study II. We used four health indicators to characterize the health status of a population of adults aged 60+ living in Stockholm, Sweden: morbidity, physical impairment, cognitive impairment, and mild and severe disabilities. While multimorbidity and slow gait speed were already prevalent (>60% and >20%) among sexagenarians, both cognitive impairment and mild disability were low until age 84, and severe disability was nearly absent until 90.Study III. The four health measures used in Study II were integrated in a health assessment tool (HAT) for assessing and following health changes in older adults. The HAT score ranges from 0-10 (poor-good health). HAT was reliable over time and accurately predicted adverse health outcomes (ROC area hospitalization: 0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.81; mortality: 0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.87). At baseline and follow-ups, at least 90% of participants aged 85 or younger were free of severe disability, and half were functionally independent despite some morbidity.Study IV. A HAT score higher than the age-/sex-specific median was related to completion of the chair-stand test (OR: 2.6, 95% CI 2.1–3.3), better balance and grip test results (interaction OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3), and good self-rated health (OR: 2.2, 95% CI 1.8–2.7). HAT predicted social and medical care use better than did disability (pConclusions. The health status of this urban Swedish population was fairly good. Time trends in disability remained stable over 20 years (1991-2010), and at the same time, the increase in life expectancy during recent years appeared to be driven by the longer lives of functionally independent people. Studying the health status of older people using multiple indicators of health, we found that age 80-85 is a transitional period when major health changes take place, often following the co-occurrence of more than one negative health event. HAT, composed of relatively few items, may help assess and identify deviations from expected health trajectories at the individual level and determine medical, rehabilitation, or social care needs at the population level. Determination of individual-level deviations can be facilitated by creating reference health curves similar to the growth charts used by pediatricians. HAT is a reliable and valid health measure and is a good candidate for use in developing such geriatric health charts.List of scientific papersI. Angleman S, Santoni G, von Strauss E, Fratiglioni L. Temporal Trends of Functional Dependence and Survival Among Older Adults From 1991 to 2010 in Sweden: Toward a Healthier Aging. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2015 Jun;70(6):746-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu206 II. Santoni G, Angleman S, Welmer AK, Mangialasche F, Marengoni A, Fratiglioni L. Age-related variation in health status after age 60. PloS One. 2015 Mar 3;10(3):e0120077. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120077 III. Santoni G, Marengoni A, Calderon Larrañaga A, Angleman S, Rizzuto D, Welmer AK, Mangialasche F, Orsini O, Fratiglioni L. Defining health trajectories in older adults using five clinical indicators. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2016 Oct 19. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw204 IV. Santoni G, Calderon Larrañaga A, Orsini O, Fratiglioni L. Geriatric health charts for individual assessment and care needs prediction. [Manuscript]</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fundamental Studies in the Lamb-Wave Interaction Between Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensor and Host Structure During
No full textexpresses her sincere gratitude for her advisor, Prof. Victor Giurgiutiu, for his continuou
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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