1,721,020 research outputs found
Seismic source location with a match field processing approach during the RESOLVE dense seismic array experiment on the Glacier d'Argentiere
No full textThis deposit contains the data set we used in our paper ‘Dynamic imaging of glacier structures at high-resolution using source localization with a dense seismic array’. The paper is in review for GRL and a preprint can be found here: 10.1002/essoar.10507953.1.
The dataset present here contains 34 files named ‘beam_15423_jd***.h5’. These files correspond to the output of the matched field processing for each day. They are in .h5 format and we provide a matlab code (read_MFP_data.m) to read these files. These files can be read with any other language since they are in . h5.
In linux you can use h5dump –A filename.h5 and you can see the content of each files.
More information on how the MFP process is conducted can be found in on the website dedicated to this aspect or on our paper. The whole procedure and associated codes is provided on the lecoinal.gricad-pages.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/resolve/.
We also deliver with this deposit one day of seismic data ZO_2018_121.h5 that can be used to test our MFP process. The data corresponds to the signal measured for 24 hours at each of the 98 sensors with a sampling rate of 500 Hz. More information on these seimsic signals can be found on our website and the whole seimsic dataset can be found here https://seismology.resif.fr/networks/#/ZO__2018. Detailed for downloading the dataset should be search on our website.
Other dataset linked to this project are:
Nanni, Ugo, Gimbert, Florent, Roux, Phillipe, & Lecointre, Albanne. (2020). DATA of "Resolving the 2D temporal evolution of subglacial water flow with dense seismic array observations." [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4024660
Nanni, Gimbert, Roux, Helmstetter, Garambois, Lecointre, Walpersdorf, Jourdain, Langlais, Laarman, Lindner, Sergenat, Vincent, & Walter. (2020). DATA of the RESOLVE Project (https://resolve.osug.fr/) [Data set]. In Seismological Research Letters (Version v0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971815
This dataset is also linked to two other study:
Observing the subglacial hydrology network and its dynamics with a dense seismic array:
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023757118
A Multi‐Physics Experiment with a Temporary Dense Seismic Array on the Argentière Glacier, French Alps: The RESOLVE Project
https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200280
Do not hesitate to contact us if you would like to try this approach an another dataset
Elmer/Ice repository for 3D Greenland Ice-Sheet initial states
No full textinitial states of the Greenland Ice-Sheet produced with the Elmer/Ice model.
This initial states are obtained using a control inverse method that optimise the basal friction field to minimise the mismatch between model and observed velocities.
Results used in N. Maier, F. Gimbert and F. Gillet-Chaulet, Threshold response to surface melt drives large-scale bed weakening in Greenland, submitted to Natur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Resolving subglacial hydrology network dynamics through seismic observations on an Alpine glacier
No full textLa façon dont l'eau s'écoule sous les glaciers joue un rôle majeur dans le couplage mécanique glace-roche qui définit les vitesses d’écoulement des glaciers. Aujourd'hui, notre compréhension de la physique de l'hydrologie sous-glaciaire est limitée et incertaine en raison de la rareté des mesures de terrain, qui ne représentent que partiellement l’hétérogénéité de l’environnement sous-glaciaire. L'objectif de mon doctorat est d'utiliser la sismologie passive pour surmonter les difficultés observationnelles et quantifier l’évolution des conditions de pression et de la configuration du réseau d’hydrologie sous glaciaire. De récents travaux montrent que l'écoulement turbulent d'eaux sous-glaciaire génère du bruit sismique dont l’étude donne accès aux propriétés hydrodynamique associées. Ces analyses ont été menées sur une courte période et il n’est pas certains qu’elles soient appropriées à l’étude de l’hydrologie sous-glaciaire sur les échelles de temps les plus représentative de son influence sur la dynamique glaciaire (saisonnières et diurnes). De plus, ces études ne considèrent pas de changements dans la configuration des réseaux hydrologique et il existe peu d’étude ayant localisé des sources de bruit sismique spatialement éparses et temporellement variables. Dans ce doctorat, j'aborde ces défis sismologiques afin de résoudre la dynamique de l'hydrologie sous-glaciaire.Nous avons acquis sur le glacier d'Argentière (Alpes) un jeu de données continu sur 2 ans permettant d’évaluer la puissance sismique induite par les flux d'eau sous-glaciaire et de la comparer à des mesures de la vitesse de glissement basale et du débit d'eau sous-glaciaire. Je montre que l'étude de la puissance sismique à [3-7] Hz donne accès aux propriétés l'hydrodynamique des flux d'eau sous-glaciaires sur des échelles de temps tant saisonnière qu’horaire et sur une gamme de débits de 0.25 à 10 m3/sec. Avec un cadre physique adéquat j'inverse, de ces observations, les gradients de pression et rayons hydrauliques associés et identifie une dynamique saisonnière des chenaux sous-glaciaire. À faible débit, les chenaux se comportent à l'équilibre et s'adaptent aux variations de débit par des changements de rayon hydraulique. À fort débit et forte variabilité diurne en apport d'eau, les chenaux se comportent hors équilibre et subissent de fortes variations du gradient de pression hydraulique qui maintiennent de fortes pression d'eau dans les cavités et favorisent des vitesses de glissement élevées.Nous avons mené une expérience d'un mois avec un réseau sismique dense, complétée par des mesures d'épaisseur et de vitesse de surface du glacier. Sur cette base j'ai développé une méthodologie pour relever le défi de localiser des sources de bruit sismique spatialement éparses et temporellement variables. Ce faisant, j'ai obtenu une carte du système de drainage sous-glaciaire ainsi que son évolution journalière. J’ai pu ainsi observer quand et où ce système est distribué à travers des cavités connectées et favorise le glissement du glacier ou alors localisé à travers des chenaux et limite le glissement. Parallèlement, je montre que l’analyse de l’amplitude sismique permets d’étudier les crevasses, les variations d’épaisseur ou l’anisotropie de manière complémentaire aux analyses de phase sismique.Le premier résultat de ce travail transdisciplinaire est que la sismique passive peut être utiliser pour quantifier l'évolution temporelle des conditions de pression et de géométrie des chenaux sous-glaciaires sur une saison de fonte complète. Le second est qu’un réseau sismique dense peut être utiliser pour résoudre la configuration spatiale du drainage sous-glaciaire et la transition d'un réseau distribué à un réseau localisé. Ces avancées ouvrent à l’étude de tel processus sur d’autre sites tels les calottes Groenlandaise et Antarctique mais aussi à l’étude d’écoulements au sein de systèmes géophysiques tels les volcans, les karts ou les glissements de terrain.The way in which water flows in the subglacial environment exerts a major control on ice-bed mechanical coupling, which strongly defines glacier sliding speeds. Today our understanding on the physics of the subglacial hydrology network is limited because of the scarcity of field measurements that yield a partial representation of the heterogeneous subglacial environment. The aim of my PhD work is to use passive seismology to help overcome common observational difficulties and quantify the evolution of the subglacial hydrology network pressure conditions and its configuration. Recent works show that subglacial turbulent water flow generates seismic noise that can be related to the associated hydrodynamics properties. These analyses were conducted over a limited period of time making it unclear whether such approach is appropriate to investigate seasonal and diurnal timescales, I.e. when subglacial water flow influences the most glacier dynamics. In addition, previous studies did not consider spatial changes in the heterogeneous drainage system, and until now, almost no study has located seismic noise sources spatially scattered and temporally varying. In this PhD work I address those seismological-challenges in order to resolve the subglacial hydrology dynamics in time and space.We acquired a 2-year long continuous dataset of subglacial-water-flow-induced seismic power as well as in-situ measured glacier basal sliding speed and subglacial water discharge from the Glacier d'Argentière (French Alps). I show that a careful investigation of the seismic power within [3-7] Hz can characterize the subglacial water flow hydrodynamics from seasonal to hourly timescales and across a wide range of water discharge (from 0.25 to 10 m3/sec). Combining such observations with adequate physical frameworks, I then inverted the associated hydraulic pressure gradient and hydraulic radii. I observed that the seasonal dynamics of subglacial channels is characterized by two distinct regimes. At low discharge, channels behave at equilibrium and accommodate variations in discharge mainly through changes in hydraulic radius. At a high discharge rate and with pronounced diurnal water-supply variability, channels behave out of equilibrium and undergo strong changes in the hydraulic pressure gradient, which may help sustain high water pressure in cavities and favor high glacier sliding speed over the summer.We then conducted a one-month long dense seismic-array experiment supplemented by glacier ice-thickness and surface velocity measurements. Using this unique dataset, I developed a novel methodology to overcome the challenge of locating seismic noise sources spatially scattered and temporally varying. Doing so, I successfully retrieve the first two-dimensional map of the subglacial drainage system as well as its day-to-day evolution. Using this map, I characterize when and where the subglacial drainage system is distributed through connected cavities, which favour rapid glacier flow versus localized through a channelized system that prevents rapid glacier flow. In addition, I also use high frequency seismic ground motion amplitude to study glacier features such as crevasses, thickness or ice anisotropy in a complementary way to what is traditionally done with seismic phase analysis.The first outcome of this cross-boundary PhD work is that one can analyse passive seismic measurements to retrieve the temporal evolution of subglacial channels pressure and geometry conditions over a complete melt-season. The second is that dense seismic array measurements can be used to resolve the subglacial drainage system spatial configuration and observe the switch from distributed to localized subglacial water flow. Such advances open the way for studying similar subglacial process on different sites and in particular in Greenland and Antarctica. This also concerns numerous sub-surface environment that host similar process such as volcanoes, karst, and landslides
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mécanique de la banquise Arctique et des matériaux granulaires : deux milieux, deux approches
No full textTwo approaches to study the mechanical behaviour of Arctic sea ice in one hand, and of granular media on the other hand, are presented in this thesis. First, a continuum mechanics analysis is conducted on sea ice in order to extract the relevant physics that, to the first order, explains the observed recent acceleration of sea ice drift and deformation. An original method to determine the mechanical properties of the sea ice cover at large time and spatial scales, i.e. over the whole Arctic basin and over 40 years of record, is proposed by quantifying the amplitude of inertial motion of ice drifters. This method allows to estimate an average ice cover friction, that is currently not accessible through other means at those large spatio-temporal scales. We show that a genuine mechanical weakening of the Arctic sea ice, associated to changes in the degree of fragmentation of the ice cover, comes into play to explain the observed changes in terms of sea ice kinematics and dynamics. This underlines the necessity to take into account this component in modelling studies, as well as to develop specific tools to measure an internal friction at local scales. Second, a statistical mechanics analysis is adopted in order to characterize the mechanical heterogeneities associated to the macroscopic behaviour of frictional granular materials submit- ted to compressive loading. From numerical modeling and experimental studies, quantitative estimates of heterogeneities that develop in the shear stress and strain fields are provided. At short timescales, intense stress and strain localization is reported, associated at the macrosco- pic instability to specific multi-scale properties. Thus, at this flow instability, these strain field properties significantly differ from the shear band formation observed after the instability when considering large time scales. The connection between these two characteristic features remains to be understood.Dans cette thèse, deux approches de caractérisation d'un comportement mécanique sont présentées, l'une sur la banquise Arctique, l'autre sur les milieux granulaires. Premièrement, une analyse de type mécanique des milieux continus est réalisée sur la banquise de manière à extraire la physique qui, au premier ordre, explique l'augmentation récente des vitesses de dérive et de déformation. Une méthode originale pour accéder aux propriétés mécaniques de la couverture de glace aux grandes échelles de temps et d'espace, c'est à dire sur tout le bassin Arctique et au cours de ces 40 dernières années, est proposée en quantifiant l'amplitude de la composante inertielle du mouvement des bouées enchâssées dans la glace. Le point fort de cette méthode réside dans le fait qu'elle apporte des informations sur la friction moyenne de la couverture de glace qui, jusqu'à maintenant, n'étaient pas disponible à ces échelles spatio-temporelles. A partir d'un modèle simple, nous montrons qu'un affaiblissement mécanique de la banquise, se traduisant par des changements dans le degré de fracturation de la couverture de glace, intervient au premier ordre dans la cinématique et la dynamique des glaces de mer. Cette observation souligne la nécessité de prendre en compte cette composante de manière appropriée dans les modèles ainsi que de développer des outils spécifiques pour accéder à cette quantité à l'échelle locale. Deuxièmement, une analyse de type mécanique statistique est adoptée dans l'étude numérique et expérimentale des milieux granulaires frottants sous compression. La quantification des hétérogénéités associées aux champs de contrainte et de déformation ainsi que leur lien avec le comportement mécanique macroscopique de ce matériau est étudiée. Aux petites échelles de temps, de fortes concentrations de contrainte et de déformation sont mises en évidence. De plus, des propriétés multi-échelles spécifiques caractérisent ces champs à l'instabilité macroscopique. Ainsi, à ce point d'instabilité, ces champs de déformation observés aux petites échelles de temps présentent des propriétés très différentes de celles présentées par la bande de cisaillement, habituellement caractérisée aux grandes échelles de temps. Le lien entre ces deux comportements caractéristiques reste à élucider
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