1,720,954 research outputs found
Exploring Decision-Making in Caenorhabditis elegans: Utilization of Critical Thinking Skills in Navigating Dichotomous Environments
No full textAll living organisms thrive off of the survival choices they make and the factors they prioritize, but how exactly do they choose between scenarios where they must consider multiple factors? This study investigates decision-making in Caenorhabditis elegans, aiming to understand their utilization of critical-thinking skills when making nuanced choices. Despite their simple nervous system, C. elegans express behaviors indicating a level of advanced cognitive understanding, making them ideal models for studying decision-making processes. The experiment consisted of five separate petri-dish tests, each with three sections, side A and side B (containing natural or UV light and/or E.coli or ethanol) and the middle. It was hypothesized that when the C. elegans faced the dichotomous environments, they would demonstrate some critical-thinking by choosing sides with more beneficial conditions, even if it meant going against natural instincts, rather than settling for the unfavorable side’s lesser benefits. Results revealed that the nematodes demonstrated some critical-thinking, as a majority of the worms in each group chose environments favorable to their long term wellness over immediate dangers. Notably, their choice to move to a side at all was a thought-out decision on its own, as the control revealed that most worms remained in the center without external stimuli. Statistical-analysis revealed the significance of this data, suggesting there was a deliberate decision-making process involved. These findings can help advance the understanding of thought processes and priorities for all organisms, and can help improve future C. elegans experiments by taking their advanced neural capabilities into consideration
The Effect of Chlorpheniramine Maleate on the bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri
No full textCOVID-19 has accelerated the consumption of many over-the-counter cold medicines to alleviate symptoms. The rapid increase in consumption together with the improper disposal of drugs has polluted the environment with pharmaceuticals thereby negatively impacting microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to determine if Vibrio fischeri, a common aquatic bacteria, is affected by antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate commonly taken to treat cold and flu-like symptoms. The experiment consisted of three groups of Vibrio, each with 10 petri dishes containing 3 bacteria cultures each. After being cultured and measuring initial stats, each group received different doses of CPM and were left to sit for 18 hours. It was hypothesized that the Vibrio fishceri cultures exposed to higher concentrations of chlorpheniramine maleate would produce less bioluminescence and decrease in light intensity and therefore, show a decline in health. The results show that the drug concentrations in both experimental groups negatively affected the bacteria. The inferential t-test ran on the data found it to be statistically significant meaning the null was rejected and the alternative experimental hypothesis was accepted. This data suggests that chlorpheniramine maleate plays a role in the decline of Vibrio fischeri’s health, suggesting the idea that pharmaceutical pollution is a big threat to living organisms unless major steps are adopted to dispose of drugs and medications without impacting the environment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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