104 research outputs found
Detection and prevention of financial abuse against elders
No full textThis article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. Copyright @ The Authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 3.0) licence. Anyone
may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both
commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication
and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/
by/3.0/legalcode.Purpose – This paper reports on banking and finance professionals' decision making in the context of elder financial abuse. The aim was to identify the case features that influence when abuse is identified and when action is taken.
Design/methodology/approach – Banking and finance professionals (n=70) were shown 35 financial abuse case scenarios and were asked to judge how certain they were that the older person was being abused and the likelihood of taking action.
Findings – Three case features significantly influenced certainty of financial abuse: the nature of the financial problem presented, the older person's level of mental capacity and who was in charge of the client's money. In cases where the older person was more confused and forgetful, there was increased suspicion that financial abuse was taking place. Finance professionals were less certain that financial abuse was occurring if the older person was in charge of his or her own finances.
Originality/value – The research findings have been used to develop freely available online training resources to promote professionals' decision making capacity (www.elderfinancialabuse.co.uk). The resources have been advocated for use by Building Societies Association as well as CIFAS, the UK's Fraud Prevention Service.The research reported here was funded by the UK cross council New Dynamicsof Ageing Programme, ESRC Reference No. RES-352-25-0026, with Mary L.M. Gilhooly asPrincipal Investigator. Web-based training tools, developed from the research findings, weresubsequently funded by the ESRC follow-on fund ES/J001155/1 with Priscilla A. Harries asPrincipal Investigator
Educating novice practitioners to detect elder financial abuse: A randomised controlled trial
No full text© 2014 Harries et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Background - Health and social care professionals are well positioned to identify and intervene in cases of elder financial abuse. An evidence-based educational intervention was developed to advance practitioners’ decision-making in this domain. The objective was to test the effectiveness of a decision-training educational intervention on novices’ ability to detect elder financial abuse. The research was funded by an E.S.R.C. grant reference RES-189-25-0334.
Methods - A parallel-group, randomised controlled trial was conducted using a judgement analysis approach. Each participant used the World Wide Web to judge case sets at pre-test and post-test. The intervention group was provided with training after pre-test testing, whereas the control group were purely given instructions to continue with the task. 154 pre-registration health and social care practitioners were randomly allocated to intervention (n78) or control (n76). The intervention comprised of written and graphical descriptions of an expert consensus standard explaining how case information should be used to identify elder financial abuse. Participants’ ratings of certainty of abuse occurring (detection) were correlated with the experts’ ratings of the same cases at both stages of testing.
Results - At pre-test, no differences were found between control and intervention on rating capacity. Comparison of mean scores for the control and intervention group at pre-test compared to immediate post-test, showed a statistically significant result. The intervention was shown to have had a positive moderate effect; at immediate post-test, the intervention group’s ratings had become more similar to those of the experts, whereas the control’s capacity did not improve. The results of this study indicate that the decision-training intervention had a positive effect on detection ability.
Conclusions - This freely available, web-based decision-training aid is an effective evidence-based educational resource. Health and social care professionals can use the resource to enhance their ability to detect elder financial abuse. It has been embedded in a web resource at http://www.elderfinancialabuse.co.uk.ESR
Successful ageing in an area of deprivation: Part 1—A qualitative exploration of the role of life experiences in good health in old age
No full textObjectives: To determine the life histories and current circumstances of healthy and unhealthy older people who share an ecology marked by relative deprivation and generally poor health.
Study design: In-depth interview study with a qualitative analysis.
Methods: Matched pairs of healthy and unhealthy ‘agers’ were interviewed face-to-face. Healthy ageing was assessed in terms of hospital morbidity and self-reported health. Study participants consisted of 22 pairs (44 individuals), aged 72–89 years, matched for sex, age and deprivation category, and currently resident in the West of Scotland. All study participants were survivors of the Paisley/Renfrew (MIDSPAN) survey, a longitudinal study commenced in 1972 with continuous recording of morbidity and mortality since.
Detailed life histories were obtained which focused on family, residence, employment, leisure and health. This information was supplemented by more focused data on ‘critical incidents’, financial situation and position in social hierarchies.
Results: Data provided rich insights into life histories and current circumstances but no differences were found between healthy and unhealthy agers.
Conclusions: It is important to understand what differentiates individuals who have lived in circumstances characterized by relative deprivation and poor health, yet have aged healthily. This study collected rich and detailed qualitative data. Yet, no important differences were detected between healthy and unhealthy agers. This is an important negative result as it suggests that the phenomenon of healthy ageing and the factors that promote healthy ageing over a lifetime are so complex that they will require even more detailed studies to disentangle
Pengaruh Ekspektasi, Persepsi, dan Motivasi Diri dari Anggota MLM terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Anggota MLM dengan Menggunakan Model Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) dan Self-Determination Theory (SDT)
No full textDalam beberapa tahun terakhir, muncul sistem perdagangan baru di Indonesia yang dikenal dengan multi-level marketing (MLM) yang menjanjikan keuntungan besar dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Maraknya kasus penipuan berkedok sistem jaringan, membuat banyak masyarakat Indonesia resah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada ekspektasi, persepsi kinerja, dan motivasi diri dari anggota MLM terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas selama menjadi anggota MLM menggunakan integrasi model Expectation-Confirmation Theory dan Self-Determination Theory. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan dua jenis penelitian yaitu jenis penelitian deskriptif serta verifikatif. Dari kuesioner yang disebar secara online, didapatkan 131 responden yang merupakan anggota MLM XYZ berdomisili di Surabaya dengan usia minimal 16 tahun. Partial-Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) digunakan dalam menguji model penelitian ini. Dari 12 hipotesis yang diajukan, 7 diantaranya diterima, dan faktor yang ditolak adalah faktor yang memengaruhi kepuasan adalah Konfirmasi Layanan serta pada loyalitas faktor yang memengaruhi adalah Regulasi yang Diidentifikasi, Regulasi yang Diproyeksikan, dan Regulasi Eksternal. Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa loyalitas anggota MLM XYZ dapat ditingkatkan dengan membuat perasaan anggota MLM XYZ bahagia setelah bergabung dengan MLM XYZ. Penelitian ini juga memberikan saran untuk penelitian pada bidang MLM, khususnya untuk mengukur kepuasan dan loyalitas anggota di masa mendatang.
================================================================================================================================
In recent years, a new trading system has emerged in Indonesia known as multi-level marketing (MLM) that promises large profits in a relatively short time. The rise of cases of fraud under the guise of the network system, has left many Indonesian people bothered. Therefore, this research focuses on the expectations, work perceptions, and self-motivation of MLM members towards satisfaction and loyalty when become MLM members using the integration of expectationConfirmation Theory and Self-Determination Theory models. In this research, the author used two types of research, that is descriptive and verification research type. From the questionnaire distributed online, total of 131 respondents filled out the questionnaire who are members of MLM XYZ domiciled Surabaya with a minimum age of 16 years. Partial-Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test this research model. Of the 12 hypotheses proposed, 7 of them were accepted, and the factors that were rejected were the factors that influenced satisfaction were Service Confirmation and on the loyalty factors that influenced were Identified Regulations, Projected Regulations, and External Regulations. The results of this research concluded that the loyalty of MLM XYZ members can be increased by making MLM XYZ members happy after joining MLM XYZ. This research also provides suggestions for other researches in the topic of MLM, specifically to measure member satisfaction and loyalty in the future
Legal Aspects of Multi-level Marketing (MLM) and Pyramid Schemes: Overview of the Ethiopian Legal Framework
No full textThe Multi-level marketing (also known as Network Marketing) has evolved as an alternative marketing strategy, modeled on the basic idea of the classical direct selling-the door-to-door selling. The MLM design compensates the door-to-door sellers not just for the sales they personally generate but for the sales generated by the people they recruit. This compensation scheme in MLM brought it close to pyramid scheme in design; makes it prone to abuse in the form of pyramid scheme. Indeed, it has been abusively used for operating pyramidal schemes; Regulators have been plagued with the problem of distinguishing MLM from pyramid scheme and sanctioning the misuses. No careful legal drafting is likely to provide a simple solution but reduces the perplexity in the factual analysis and enforcement decision making. The author in this article examined, using the doctrinal research method, the position of Ethiopian law regarding network marketing and how it deals with potential manipulation of network marketing for operating pyramid scheme. Ethiopian law on pyramidal scheme is drafted so generically and briefly, and without even mention of network marketing – the very mask in which pyramidal schemes operate. The researcher found out that such a design of Ethiopian law has resulted in legal uncertainty about the implication of operating MLM. Essential parametrizations of what is within the legal limit and when it is out there in the pyramid scheme are either vague or omitted. The author recommended the need for further elaborate rules on pyramid schemes and inclusion of some guiding standards on network marketing
A corrected formulation of the Multilayer Model (MLM) for inferring gaseous dry deposition to vegetated surfaces
No full textThe Multilayer Model (MLM) has been used for many years to infer dry deposition fluxes from measured trace species concentrations and standard meteorological measurements for national networks in the U.S., including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet). MLM utilizes a resistance analogy to calculate deposition velocities appropriate for whole vegetative canopies, while employing a multilayer integration to account for vertically varying meteorology, canopy morphology and radiative transfer within the canopy. However, the MLM formulation, as it was originally presented and as it has been subsequently employed, contains a non-physical representation related to the leaf-level quasi-laminar boundary layer resistance that affects the calculation of the total canopy resistance. In this note, the non-physical representation of the canopy resistance as originally formulated in MLM is discussed and a revised, physically consistent, formulation is suggested as a replacement. The revised canopy resistance formulation reduces estimates of HNO₃ deposition velocities by as much as 38% during mid-day as compared to values generated by the original formulation. Inferred deposition velocities for SO₂ and O₃ are not significantly altered by the change in formulation (<3%). Inferred deposition loadings of oxidized and total nitrogen from CASTNet data may be reduced by 10–20% and 5–10%, respectively, for the Eastern U. S. when employing the revised formulation of MLM as compared to the original formulation.One author (RS) performed this work with support from the U.S.Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014002416?via%3Dihu
Medical records: Practicalities and principles of patient possession
No full textThis review of issues and research is in two parts: 1) practical problems surrounding patient-held records and 2) ethical arguments for and against patient-held records. We argue that research on patient-held records indicates that there are no substantial practical drawbacks and considerable ethical benefits to be derived from giving patients custody of their medical records.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Bisnis Paytren Dengan Sistem Multi Level Marketing (MLM) Berdasarkan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 75 Tahun 2009 Tentang Plbs
No full textPT Veritra Sentosa Internasional (Treni) is a company that markets "Licensing" using Applications/Software/Technology named "PayTren" where the marketing system is developed through partnership or business partners (Direct Selling) with the concept of Network or MLM . In 2009 DSN-MUI then issued a fatwa on Sharia Tiered Direct Selling (PLBS). In the fatwa, explained the provisions governing the system of direct selling in the level of sharia or Islamic MLM which contains certain terms and conditions, including objects that will be used as real transactions or traded in the form of goods or service products. The object that is traded and not something that is forbidden and or used to do something that is forbidden. Transactions in trading cannot contain elements of gharar or obscurity, maysir or gambling, usury, dzulm, and immorality. The purpose of this paper is to explain the operational implementation and business flow of PayTren with Multi Level Marketing System (MLM), then to explain the review of Islamic law on PayTren business practices with the Multi Level Marketing System (MLM) based on Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 75 of 2009 concerning Sharia Direct Selling System, and explains the PayTren system review in terms of positive law. In this study the author uses an empirical approach. The type of research used by the authors in this study is descriptive research. In this study the author took the location at PT. Veritra Sentosa International Semarang. This study uses the literature study method in addition to the field study using interview techniques conducted directly at the research location. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively in the form of data in the form of words or sentences. Data analysis methods are carried out using deductive logic
The influencing factors of the consumers’ propensity to support Multilevel Marketing businesses in Malaysia
No full textPurpose-As a result of the increasing living pressure in a competitive society, the direct-selling or multilevel marketing (MLM) business appears as an appealing platform for many who seek to attain the so-called financial freedom (Bloch, 1996). This has led to the boom in the MLM industry, where many are now solely depending on the MLM business as their main source of income. Apart from joining membership, there is also a growing tendency in the purchase of MLM products. Thirdly, despite the controversies and negative repercussion that have been evoked by both MLM and pyramiding companies, many Malaysians still support the business. This paper therefore aims to discover the influencing factors of the Malaysians’ propensity to purchase, join, and even like the MLM business. In addition to that, a specific test on the Malaysians overall perception on the ethical issues of MLM was conducted.
Methodology/design– The sample of this research comprised of 152 Malaysians who are mainly based in Kuala Lumpur. The author has personally administered an online questionnaire to collect reliable scale data in order to construct a valid research model: from the Overall support (buy, join, like) to the 6 independent variables affecting one to support MLM businesses.
Findings – The results show that 5 independent variables have a significant influence on one’s propensity to support the MLM business except for the variable Company_factors. Among those significant variables, only Cognition level has a negative association with the dependent variable Overall Support.
Business implications – MLM organizations have to focus on developing and refining the product element in the marketing mix rather than focusing on network expansion. Secondly, the MLM businesses need to form an ecosystem of interdependency and mutual benefits between the firm, its distributors and the customers in order to sustain the business for the long-run
- …
