3,776 research outputs found
Estimating geological CO2 storage security to deliver on climate mitigation
Full text linkACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Juan Alcalde and Clare Bond were supported by NERC Grant NE/M007251/1 on interpretational uncertainty; Stephanie Flude and Stuart M V Gilfillan were supported by EPSRC Grant EP/K036033/1; R Stuart Haszeldine was supported by Scottish Funding Council, EPSRC Grants EP/P026214/1, EP/K000446/2 and NERC Grant NE/L008475/1; Gareth Johnson was supported by EPSRC Grant EP/P026214/1; Vivian Scott was supported by NERC GHGR programme Grant NE/P019749/1; Katriona Edlmann was supported by H2020 Grant 636811.Peer reviewe
Tennessee roads / Jesse Stuart. In Mountain herald / Lincoln Memorial University.
No full textThis picturesque poem was written by then-sophomore (and future celebrated author) Jesse Stuart about the roads of Tennessee
Geochemical characteristics of unconventional gas resources in the U.K. and the applications for gas tracing
Full text linkUnconventional gas extraction has caused controversy due to induced seismicity,
inadequate disposal of waste by-products, and alleged incidents of shallow
groundwater contamination. Determining the origin of shallow gases is problematic
because methane and other hydrocarbons have numerous sources that may have
overlapping geochemical characteristics, and few baseline measurements were taken
prior to drilling. Additionally, hydrocarbons can be fundamentally altered by physicochemical
and microbial processes which can mask the original geochemical signatures.
This project develops the understanding of natural tracers in UK unconventional
gas resources and reports the results of major gas composition, stable carbon and
hydrogen isotopes, radiocarbon content of methane, and novel noble gas (He, Ne, Ar,
Kr, Xe) measurements from unconventional gas sites across the UK. Characterising
different gas sources reveals processes within unconventional gas reservoirs, develops
a baseline for future work, and allows the development of a geochemical ‘fingerprint’
which allows more accurate and precise determination of the different sources of
methane.
The Coal Bed Methane (CBM) field at Airth, Central Scotland, is characterised by a
methane-dominated thermogenic gas based on δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 data and elevated
ethane and propane contents. Gases show high helium concentrations (1105 ppm –
2984 ppm) with a 3He/4He isotopic ratio (0.18 Ra) which is uniform across the field,
indicating a small (<4%) but resolvable mantle helium contribution not previously
observed onshore in the UK. Also observed are elevated concentrations of excess 40Ar*
(40Ar/36Ar = 371 – 1031), and enrichments of 20Ne/36Ar relative to the ratios normally
expected in air saturated water which cannot be explained by simple solubility
fractionation or mass-fractionation.
A model is outlined where increasing dewatering of the wells as the field is
developed for commercial extraction results in lower overall noble gas concentrations,
a decrease in the air-derived inventory, and an increase in crustal and mantle
components. This is hypothesised to occur via the progressive degassing and removal
of dissolved air-derived components from formation waters from the more permeable
cleat and fracture networks surrounding wellbores, leaving the remaining gases with a
greater contribution from crustal-rich components sourced from within the coal
matrix.
Abandoned mine gases from Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire coal mines
showed variable methane concentrations (39 – 75%), with the remaining volume being
mainly composed of a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Correlation of N2 and
36Ar concentrations in some samples showed ingress of atmospheric air as a result of
the suction applied to the mine to facilitate gas production, which was subsequently
depleted of oxygen in the mine environment. Carbon dioxide was sourced in lower
volumes from coal oxidation, variably mixed with higher concentrations formed from
the chemical dissolution of carbonates in the acidic mine environment. Coal gases were
characterised by a narrow range of δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 values of a primarily thermogenic
origin, thermogenic levels of ethane and propane, and high levels of purely radiogenic
helium (350 - 1506 ppm at 0.006 – 0.039 Ra).
The stable isotope δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 measurements for unconventional gases
typically overlapped those of other coal gases, North Sea gases, and landfill gas, which
demonstrates this commonly used tool can be an ambiguous for gas source
determination. Elevated levels of helium were found to be ubiquitous in all
unconventional gases, and up to 3 orders of magnitude above the concentration found
in air (5.24 ppm), which shows helium is an excellent tracer for unconventional gases
No. 617 Stuart Ruckman
No full textTranscript (12, 40 pages) of two interviews by Matt Driscoll with Stuart Ruckman on April 9, 2010, and July 7, 2011Ruckman (b. 1966) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. Stuart shares how his family, particularly his father, played a significant role in introducing him to the outdoors. Some of his initial explorations included a hike to the top of Mount Olympus when he was five years old, backpacking trips in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, and a successful summit attempt on the Grand Teton when he was twelve. Stuart discovered technical rock climbing due to the influence of his older brother Bret, five years Stuart\u27s senior. Bret learned under Dennis Turville, a well-respected Salt Lake climbing instructor. Stuart shares his observations on the Salt Lake climbing community of the late 1970s and 1980s, noting the intimacy of the community, while also pointing out the significant influence of a handful of climbers, including Merrill Bitter, Les Ellison, and Brian Smoot. He briefly describes the proliferation of new-route development in the Wasatch during his first decade in climbing. In collaboration with his brother Bret, Stuart published comprehensive guidebooks on climbing in the Wasatch Mountains. Stuart\u27s contributions as a first-ascensionist and co-author of Rock Climbing the Wasatch Range attest to his lasting impact on Utah climbing. Interview is part of the Outdoor Recreation History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscol
Investigating the role of chemical and geochemical tracers for CO₂ transport and storage
Full text linkChanges in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and aerosols alter the energy balance of the climate system. CO₂ is the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas. The primary source of the increased atmospheric concentration of CO₂ since the preindustrial period is from fossil fuel exploitation. As the global need for energy is currently met by combustion of fossil fuels it is imperative that a method of reducing the levels of CO₂ being emitted is used.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the combination of CO₂ capture from large point sources, with the transport of CO₂ to a suitable geological storage site where it can safely be contained. Geological CCS technology has the potential to a make a significant contribution to a low carbon technology future. As with any technology, it is imperative to identify techniques that could be used to form part of the monitoring programme. In this thesis, the role of chemical and geochemical tracers are investigated during the transport and storage of CO₂.
For the first part of this research, a review of the natural gas and CO₂ pipeline network in North America and United Kingdom has been compiled from published literature and historical experience. Using this information, research was carried out to determine why odourising has been suggested for CO₂ pipeline transport and what benefit it would add. Based on experience from natural gas, it is concluded that high pressure pipelines of CO₂ through sparsely populated areas could have odourant added, but will gain little safety benefit. However, adding odourant to CO₂ gas phase pipes could aid detection of leaks as well improve public assurance and should be considered in more detail.
For the second part of this research, a specially constructed flow cell was designed and built to investigate how noble gases could be used as effective early warning tracers for CO₂ migration in storage sites. From this equipment, experimental breakthrough curves for noble gases and SF6 travelling through a sample of Fell sandstone in relation to CO₂ over a pressure gradient range of 10,000 – 50,000 Pa were generated. Although noble gases are described as conservative tracers, comparing the breakthrough curves over a range of pressure gradients show that they do not behave as simply as previously assumed. These results were then modelled using a one dimensional advective dispersion transport equation to fit curves to the experimental outputs using two different modelling approaches. A statistical approach can derive the input parameters for an analytical approach, which is needed to understand the dispersivity behaviour of the tracers. A set of values for the dispersivity of noble gases, SF6 and CO₂ through porous media is presented in this research. Using a baseline value approach, initial arrival times for krypton and xenon from this research suggest that they could be used as a means of detecting CO₂ migration. While helium, neon and argon appear to be unsuitable as early warning tracers for initial detection of CO₂, this suggests that they can be used as part of mixture to fingerprint individual CO₂ storage sites that may be in close proximity to one another.
Results from the experimental and modelling analysis, identify a system where preferential paths exist depending on the change in pressure gradient. The different transport channels progress from a Darcy linear flow regime to a non-linear laminar flow. These results propose an explanation for the patterns observed from tracers in large-scale reservoirs but the output values obtained are limited by scale-dependence and would not be suitable for direct upscaling
George MacLeod’s open-air preaching: performance and counter-performance
No full textStuart Blythe uses the methodology of performance to analyse George MacLeod’s open-air preaching. He points out that MacLeod’s preaching was derived from a theology of the incarnation, and an understanding of the paradoxes and dichotomies of common human life. This preaching, Blythe suggests, was also a counter-performance in the context of outlooks and ideologies inimical to the gospel. The paper raises interesting issues related to preaching as performance, and the further question as to whether or not the life and work of the Church as a whole might now be better understood as a counter-performance.Publisher PD
Redemption in the work of Francis Stuart
Full text linkThe idea of redemption is central to an understanding of the work
of Francis Stuart. Through an examination of its development and
expression, it is possible to demonstrate the integrity of his work and
its distinctive qualities. Such a demonstration is necessary because
Stuart's writing has been subjected to comparatively little scholarly
inquiry, although reviews of his work, especially that produced since
1949, suggest that it is impressive and important.
First, a general background to Stuart's work, a discussion of the
special problems associated with reading it, and a summary of his corpus
is provided. This indicates that the idea of redemption is important to
his earliest writing. The state of redemption is shown to be a
necessary apotheosis for Stuart's outcast heroes; it involves spiritual
suffering through which may be found a sense of reintegration and a
higher reality. This is expressed through interrelated themes such as
those of gambler, artist and ordinary man; mystic and criminal; sacred
and profane love; and spirituality and the mundane. The nature of the
redemptive experience is further elaborated by distinctive, complex
motifs, especially the hare, the ark and the woman-Christ. Their
recurrence provides an important element in the unity of Stuart's work.
Because Stuart's idea of the outcast raises important biographical
questions, an examination of the relationship between Stuart's life and
his work is made. Finally, the way in which the idea of redemption
exists in the language structures of Stuart's novels is examined, with
especial reference to his most recent work, The High Consistory. The
thesis shows that the development of the these of redemption
demonstrates the integrity of Stuart's work
John Stuart Mill’s projected science of society: 1827-1848
No full textThe purpose of the thesis is to examine John Stuart Mill’s political thought from
about 1827 to 1848 as an exercise in intellectual history. It focuses, first, on Mill’s view,
formulated by the late 1830s, that contemporary society was ‘civilized’, and second, on
his project of a science of society, which he aspired to develop in the late 1830s and
early 1840s.
By the late 1830s, Mill came to the view that his contemporary society was a
‘commercial society or civilization’, dominated by the middle, commercial class. The
first part of my thesis, constituted by Chapters 2-4, discusses the way in which Mill
formed his notion of civilization, and what he meant by the term ‘civilization’. Mill paid
attention to the implications of the rise of the middle class, and regarded such
phenomena of contemporary society as the corruption of the commercial spirit and
excessive social conformity as an inevitable consequence of the rise of the middle class.
The second part of the thesis, constituted by Chapters 5-9, examines Mill’s
projected science of society. In the late 1830s and early 1840s, Mill attempted to
develop a new science of society whose subject-matter was the nature and prospects of
commercial, civilized society. This aspiration culminated in A System of Logic,
published in 1843. In examining Mill’s projected science, I pay particular attention to
the fact that he conceived new sciences of history and of the formation of character,
both of which were indispensable in his project, although he failed to give a complete
account of these sciences. My thesis shows that the implications of his interest both in
history and in the formation of character are more significant than Mill scholars have
assumed
An Evaluation of the Bush Administration Reforms to the Regulatory Process
No full textThe Bush Administration has implemented more reforms to the regulatory process than any of its predecessors. These reforms are often stereotyped as anti-regulatory. This article examines the reforms as a whole and asks which interests have been empowered by the Bush Administration regulatory reforms. I believe this method is a more effective way of assessing the impact of the reforms. I find that in addition to adding potential costs to the regulatory process, the reforms are likely to empower powerful interest groups and the presidency. Whether the impact of these reforms is pro-regulation or anti-regulation will depend on how a future administration more dedicated to regulatory protections uses them. I also lay out a research agenda to better empirically assess the impact of these regulatory reforms.Peer reviewed"Issue published online: 11 APR 2007. Article first published online: 11 APR 2007"--Publisher website
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