485 research outputs found
Universal banking and the financing of industrial development
No full textIn universal banking, large banks operate extensive networks of branches, provide many different services, hold several claims on firms (including equity and debt), and participate directly in the corporate governance of firms that rely on the banks for funding or as insurance underwriters. In this paper, the author contrasts the cost of financing industrialization in the United States and in Germany during the second industrial revolution. He explains that large production is typical of modern industrial practice, so the lessons from that period apply broadly to contemporary developing countries. The second industrial revolution involved many new products and technologies. Firms were producing new goods in new ways on an unprecedented scale. Therefore, they needed quick access to heavy financing. Finance costs for industry were lower in Germany than in the United States, because U.S.regulations prevented the universal banking from which Germany benefited. High finance costs retarded U.S. realization of its full industrial potential. The potential to expand quickly and reap economies of scale was greater in German industrialization. The cost of industrial financing began to decline when institutional changes came about that increased the concentration of financial market transactions. In recent decades, a combination of macroeconomic distress, international competitive pressure, and the creative invention of new financial intermediaries has helped the U.S. financial system overcome the regulatory mandate of financial fragmentation.Financial Intermediation,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Banks&Banking Reform,Labor Policies,Decentralization,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Housing Finance
Automated Discovery and Proof in Three Combinatorial Problems
No full textIn this Ph.D. disseration, I will go over advances I have made in three combinatorial problems. The running theme throughout these three problems is the novel use of computers to aid not only in the discovery of the theorems proved, but also in the proofs themselves. The first problem concerns the quantit
Private Property Environmental Responsibility - A Comparative Study of German Real Property Law
No full textThe concept of absolute private property by which an owner can do whatever he wishes with what belongs to him has been attacked in many ways, but no challenge brings it into question with such strength as the awareness of continuing environmental degradation in virtual contempt of sustainable development. Throughout the twentieth century and into our own era, legal property rights have time and time again been successfully invoked by polluters and others interested in evading ecological imperatives. However, most jurists today would agree that the internationally acknowledged necessity for land use to be administered in ecologically sustainable ways is plainly a principle that should be harmonized across national boundaries.This remarkable new book is not a radical text, but seeks to find a principle of responsible proprietorship in our existing legal systems. And in fact it presents an excellent case for the international recognition of a principle of responsible proprietorship in the title registration systems derived from the German model, rooted in the historical Hanseatic model; primarily the Australian Torrens system that spread throughout the British Empire from the mid-nineteenth century on. In great detail, the author demonstrates that this system offers a firm foundation on which a truly responsible environmental law of property can be established.Dr Raff identifies the German model of land title registration as the modern globalizing trend. It has been freely adopted in jurisdictions as widespread as Eastern Europe and Asia, and it is the model favoured by international capacity building and funding agencies of the UN, World Bank and IMF, to the extent that it may now be described as the international model and future internationalization is pressed onward. The unfolding of responsible proprietorship in German land law has demonstrated the potential for the international model similarly to unfold. Certainty in land transactions is the ostensible rationale of title registration, but as Raff shows, implicit in the land title registration obligation is a wider responsibility of landowners with respect to their land stemming from their property in it, thus opening a juridical window to environmental imperatives. Philosophically, connection between the necessity for publicity of land transactions and wider responsibility may be traced back to the classical and modern Natural Law traditions.The comparative law methodology adopted by Dr Raff builds on reception theory and emphasises what lies in common between local systems derived from international models rather than how difference might be magnified. In this vein, the work concludes with inspiring directions toward future research into how the principle of responsible proprietorship might be identified in other land title models conceived around the necessity for publicity in land transactions; specifically, the French, Spanish and Portuguese registration systems and systems derived from them, and the deeds registration systems of North America.Private Property and Environmental Responsibility offers a rigorous and persuasive approach to a major current issue that finds, through the legitimate processes of legal reasoning within our own existing systems, viable solutions to the unprecedented environmental problems posed by our technological age. It is a seminal work that will be valued and consulted for decades to come by environmentally-conscious lawyers at every level of national and international la
Visual Corona Communication – Dimensions and Physics of the Virus
No full textby Dr. Jan-Henning Raff This short article is about the communication of the virus’ dimensions and physics, two aspects that are of importance in the second phase of pandemic measures, such as social distancing and wearing masks. The ‘poster image’ of the pandemic The image of “the virus” or “the ‘poster image’ of the pandemic” (Long, 2020) is by now a sign that is used in diverse multimodal configurations, its relatively simple construction makes it a graphical element to play with for graph..
Gaudy Bauble
No full textGaudy Bauble stages a glittering world populated by GoldSeXUal StatuEttes, anti-drag kings, Gilbert-&-George-like lesbians, maverick detectives, a transgender army equipped with question-mark-shaped helmets, and birds who have dyke written all over them. Everyone interferes with the plot. No one is in control of the plot. Surprises happen as a matter of course: A faux research process produces actual results. Hundreds of lipstick marks reanimate a dying body. And the Deadwood-to-Dynamo Audience Prize goes to whoever turns deadestwood into dynamost. This is what happens when the disenfranchised are calling the shots. Riff-raff are running the show and they are making a difference
SCCT guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of coronary CT angiography: A report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee
No full textRadiation Dose From Cardiac Computed Tomography Before and After Implementation of Radiation Dose–Reduction Techniques
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