1,720,979 research outputs found
"Replication Data for: The Logic of Kidnapping in Civil War: Evidence from Colombia"
No full textWhy do some armed groups kidnap for ransom? Despite a dramatic spike in kidnappings by political groups over the last several decades, there are scant existing explanations for why groups use this tool of coercion. Leveraging evidence from extensive interviews with former combatants from Colombia's civil war, including the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and National Liberation Army (ELN), as well as military and security personnel, I show that ransom kidnapping is used to enforce groups' protection rackets, their main source of funding. Kidnapping is both the most lucrative way to punish tax evasion, as well as an effective means of deterring future shirking. Thus, groups that tax local populations are more likely to kidnap; groups relying on external or voluntary forms of funding are less likely to take hostages. This article explains when we should see kidnapping in armed conflict, describing an underexplored way that selective violence bolsters insurgency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Claudication or Something More Sinister: A Case of Endovascular Infection Due to Campylobacter Coli
Full text linkGilbert, Danielle L, DO, MPH1, Oddo-Moise, Hope, MD1, Burke, Victoria, MD1 Louisiana State University Department of Infectious Disease1 Introduction: Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide; however invasive infections, particularly endovascular, are exceedingly rare. We present the case of a peripheral endovascular infection due to Campylobacter coli. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male with CAD, PAD, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic diarrhea due to pancreatic insufficiency, and tobacco use presented for elective aortobifemoral bypass after a recent hospitalization for right medial thigh pain attributed to claudication from known PAD. Intraoperatively he was found to have an avulsed friable branch of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) with thick purulence and chronic thrombosis suspicious for infective arteritis, and the procedure was aborted. Postoperatively the patient developed fevers to 102.7℉, tachycardia, and hypotension refractory to intravenous fluids. Labs were significant for white blood cell count of 10.8 103 /uL and a troponemia which peaked at 19,276 ng/L, concerning for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Subsequent transthoracic echocardiogram showed a newly reduced ejection fraction and regional wall motion abnormalities. He was admitted to the ICU for septic versus cardiogenic shock and started on vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and unfractionated heparin, and ultimately taken for coronary revascularization. Blood cultures and intraoperative cultures subsequently grew gram negative rods identified as Campylobacter coli. Sepsis and right thigh pain resolved with empiric antibiotics, and he was transitioned to intravenous azithromycin for a six-week course. Etiology of his presentation was thought to be from Campylobacter coli gastroenteritis, unrecognized in the setting of chronic diarrhea, and leading to gut translocation and subsequent bacteremia with SFA arteritis. Discussion: Endovascular infections caused by Campylobacter spp. are likely underreported due to lack of awareness of their potential for localized infections. Interestingly, only 22% of cases present with diarrhea, as in our patient, which may contribute to lack of recognition. Common risk factors include male sex, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, solid organ neoplasm, chronic hepatic or renal failure, as well as presence of vascular endografts. Most cases are attributed to Campylobacter fetus bacteremia and seem to preferentially affect the infra-renal aorta, less commonly peripheral arteries of the lower extremities. Campylobacter coli is a far less common cause. This case highlights an uncommon presentation of a Campylobacter endovascular infection and the need for a high index of suspicion particularly with Campylobacter spp. bacteremia
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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