1,720,962 research outputs found
Language Matters Volume
No full textABSTRACT One universal characteristic of a language is that it has particular speech sounds that are organised and governed by rules. This article presents an analysis of functions and operations of liquids in Barwe. Barwe is a variety of Eastern Shona, a cross-border language spoken in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The article draws comparisons between liquids in Barwe and those that obtain in Central Shona dialects, mainly Zezuru, spoken in and around Zimbabwe's capital Harare, and Karanga, which is spoken in the Masvingo and Midlands provinces of Zimbabwe. Liquids are found to occur in all the varieties that constitute the Shona group. According to Trask (1996), liquid is a conventional label for any non-nasal sonorant. In this paper, added focus is on three sounds which are: the lateral [l], the flap [ɾ] and the trill [r]. We thus make a comparative study of the Downloaded by [Gift Mheta] at 11:00 27 July 2016 152 Mangoya and Mheta A comparative study of operations of liquids in Barwe and Central Shona laterals as they operate in Barwe and Central Shona. A phonological comparative analysis aids us in identifying the sound operations in the two varieties under discussion. The comparative study is conducted through analysis of corpora of these varieties which are in written and audio form. The phonological data are analysed usin
The Treatment of Encyclopedic Information in Duramazwi reMimhanzi
Get PDFAbstract: This article presents the problems and challenges of dealing with encyclopedic information in Shona lexicography. According to Zgusta (1971: 198), encyclopedic dictionaries are primarily concerned with the denotata of the lexical units. They give information about the extra-linguistic world, physical or non-physical. In other words, encyclopedic dictionaries contain extensive information on lexical entries. The arti-cle focuses on how such encyclopedic information is collected, selected, entered and treated. Emphasis is on identifying the problems and challenges experienced by lexicographers at the four main stages of dictionary making. It also presents solutions to the encountered difficulties. It brings out discernible patterns in the treatment of encyclopedic information. The analysis, from the collection stage up to the treatment stage, is done with reference to the relatively long history of compiling linguistic dictionaries in Shona
The Impact of Translation Activities on the Development of African Languages in a Multilingual Society: Duramazwi reMimhanzi as a Case-study
Get PDF<p>ABSTRACT: The article examines the impact of translation activities on the development of Afri-can languages in the multilingual Zimbabwean society. It analyses Shona musical terms created through translation processes and strategies such as borrowing, coining, compounding and deri-vation. Focus is on the way this ongoing term-creation is contributing to improving or hindering the development of Shona. The importance of such processes and strategies are discussed in the broader context of empowering African languages. The article also offers recommendations on how best to produce systematized terminology in music and other specialized fields.</p><p><br />Keywords: TRANSLATION, DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES, MULTILIN-GUAL SOCIETIES, BORROWING, COINING, COMPOUNDING, DERIVATION, TERMINOL-OGY, TERMINOGRAPHY</p><p><br />*****</p><p>OPSOMMING: Die uitwerking van vertaalaktiwiteite op die ontwikkeling van Afrikatale in 'n veeltalige samelewing: Duramazwi reMimhanzi as 'n ge-vallestudie. Die artikel ondersoek die uitwerking van vertaalaktiwiteite op die ontwikkeling van Afrikatale in die veeltalige Zimbabwiese samelewing. Dit ontleed Sjonamusiekterme geskep deur middel van vertaalprosesse en -strategieë soos ontlening, munting, samestelling en afleiding. Die fokus is op die manier hoe voortgaande termskepping bydra tot die verbetering of belemme-ring van Sjona. Die belangrikeid van sulke prosesse en strategieë word bespreek in die wyer kon-teks van die bemagtiging van die Afrikatale. Die artikel maak ook aanbevelings hoe om op die beste manier gesistematiseerde terminologie in musiek en ander gespesialiseerde gebiede voort te bring.</p><p>Sleutelwoorde: VERTALING, ONTWIKKELING VAN AFRIKATALE, VEELTALIGE SA-MELEWINGS, ONTLENING, MUNTING, SAMESTELLING, AFLEIDING, TERMINOLOGIE, TERMINOGRAFIE</p>
A comparative study of operations of liquids in Barwe and Central Shona
No full textOne universal characteristic of a language is that it has particular speech sounds that are organised and governed by rules. This article presents an analysis of functions and operations of liquids in Barwe. Barwe is a variety of Eastern Shona, a cross-border language spoken in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The article draws comparisons between liquids in Barwe and those that obtain in Central Shona dialects, mainly Zezuru, spoken in and around Zimbabwe’s capital Harare, and Karanga, which is spoken in the Masvingo and Midlands provinces of Zimbabwe. Liquids are found to occur in all the varieties that constitute the Shona group. According to Trask (1996), liquid is a conventional label for any non-nasal sonorant. In this paper, added focus is on three sounds which are: the lateral [l], the flap [ɾ] and the trill [r]. We thus make a comparative study of the laterals as they operate in Barwe and Central Shona. A phonological comparative analysis aids us in identifying the sound operations in the two varieties under discussion. The comparative study is conducted through analysis of corpora of these varieties which are in written and audio form. The phonological data are analysed using Kiparsky’s (1982) Lexical Phonology Theory, which accounts for the systematic organisation of sounds in languages
Phonological Adaptation of Borrowed Terms in Duramazwi reMimhanzi
Get PDFAbstract: This article analyses the phonological characteristics of Shona musical terms borrowed from English. It discusses the phonological processes that take place when words are borrowed directly or indi-rectly from English. Essentially, the article analyses the adoption and adaptation of Shona loan-words at phonological level. It draws examples from the dictionary of Shona musical terms Duramazwi reMimhanzi (2005). This exploration of loan-word adaptation enhances the understanding of the phonological changes that the musical terms undergo during the borrowing process
Duramazwi reDudziramutauro neUvaranomwe against the Background of Shona Lexicography
Get PDFAbstract: This article considers and analyses Duramazwi reDudziramutauro neUvaranomwe (henceforth DRU), a 2007 product of the University of Zimbabwe's African Languages Research Institute (ALRI). It evaluates DRU which is the first terminological dictionary dealing with Shona literary and linguistic terms. Furthermore it traces the compilation process of this dictionary, describing the stages of collection, selection, entry and definition of terms. It also examines the microstructure and the macrostructure of DRU aimed at target users who are both students and teachers in high schools and tertiary institutions offering Shona as a subject or course
The Use of Loan Translation as a Term-Creation Strategy in Duramazwi reMimhanzi
Get PDFAbstract: The article presents loan translation as one of the key strategies that lexicographers at the African Languages Research Institute (ALRI) employed in the creation of new terminology during the compila-tion of the music dictionary Duramazwi reMimhanzi. Inspired by the authors' keen interest in lexicography and active involvement in the compilation of Duramazwi reMimhanzi, it discusses the advantages and disad-vantages of loan translation. Analysis of this term-creation strategy is done using Chimhundu's (1996) trans-lation and terminology development theory known as the scan and balance theory
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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