1,720,955 research outputs found
A spatially explicit methodology for assessing and monitoring land degradation neutrality at a national scale
Get PDFLand degradation is occurring in all parts of the terrestrial world, and is negatively
impacting the well-being of billions of people. In recognition of the need for sustained
global action on land degradation, the Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by
the global community in 2015, include a specific goal aimed at halting the decline of
land resources and achieving land degradation-neutrality (LDN) by 2030. The primary
objective of this doctoral research was to operationalise the LDN target at the national
level, using Kenya as the case study. The main research questions addressed in this
dissertation have been positioned within a social-ecological systems framework in
which ecosystems are integrated with human society. The first task of this research
focused on determining the extent of land degradation and regeneration, and in
establishing the LDN national baseline using the three LDN indicators (land cover, land
productivity, and carbon stocks). This was then followed by identifying the key drivers
that affect land degradation (browning) and land regeneration (greening) trends within
the 4 main land cover types (agriculture, forest, grassland and shrubland), and within
an area characterised by land cover change. The third task involved an assessment
of the effectiveness of the current land-use policy framework, and associated
institutions, to facilitate the implementation of LDN. Finally, in the last part of this
dissertation, a climate-smart landscape approach at the water catchment level was
proposed as a possible mechanism through which LDN can be operationalised at the
sub-national level; Metodologia espacialmente explicita para a avaliação e monitorização da
neutralidade da degradação do solo à escala nacional
RESUMO:
A degradação do solo é um fenómeno que está a acontecer em todas as partes do
mundo terrestre, com impactos negativos no bem estar de milhares de milhões de
pessoas. Reconhecendo a necessidade de uma ação global contra a degradação do
solo, os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, adotados pela comunidade global
em 2015, incluem um objetivo específico para travar o declínio de recursos terrestres
e atingir a neutralidade de degradação do solo (NDS) até 2030. A presente tese de
doutoramento teve como grande objetivo a operacionalização da NDS a nível
nacional, usando o Quénia como caso de estudo. As principais perguntas de
investigação consideradas nesta dissertação foram colocadas num enquadramento
socio-ecológico, em que ecossistemas estão integrados com a sociedade. A primeira
tarefa desta investigação consistiu em determinar valores de degradação e de
regeneração do solo para estabelecer a base de referência de NDS nacional usando
três indicadores de NDS (cobertura de solo, produtividade do solo e reservas de
carbono). Seguidamente foram identificados os principais fatores que influenciam a
degradação do solo (browning) e a regeneração do solo (greening) nas 4 principais
coberturas de solo (agricultura, floresta, pastos e matos), bem como numa área
marcada por alterações da cobertura de solo. Para a terceira tarefa foi avaliada a
eficácia do atual quadro político sobre o uso de solo, bem como das instituições
associadas, na viabilização da implementação da NDS. Na última parte da dissertação
é adotada uma escala a nível da bacia hidrográfica, como uma abordagem “climate
smart” adequada para a operacionalização da NDS a um nível sub-nacional
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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