1,721,052 research outputs found
Salvatore S.; Bosi A.; Banfi D.; Giron MC.; Baj A.; Agosti M.; Giaroni C. Gender-specific influence of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) effect on enteric neuromuscular function in adolescent mice
No full textFaggin S, Tietto A, Carrossa G, Caputi V, Bosi A, Zusso M, Giaroni C, Savarino E, Giron MC. Deficiency of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling influences small intestine neuromuscular function during aging.
No full textTryptophan metabolites along the microbiota-gut-brain axis: an interkingdom communication system influencing the gut in health and disease
Full text linkABSTRACT: The ‘microbiota-gut-brain axis’ plays a fundamental role in maintaining host homeostasis, and different immune, hormonal, and neuronal signals participate to this interkingdom communication system between eukaryota and prokaryota. The essential aminoacid tryptophan, as a precursor of several molecules acting at the interface between the host and the microbiota, is fundamental in the modulation of this bidirectional communication axis. In the gut, tryptophan undergoes 3 major metabolic pathways, the 5-HT, kynurenine, and AhR ligand pathways, which may be directly or indirectly controlled by the saprophytic flora. The importance of tryptophan metabolites in the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract is suggested by several preclinical and clinical studies; however, a thorough revision of the available literature has not been accomplished yet. Thus, this review attempts to cover the major aspects on the role of tryptophan metabolites in host-microbiota crosstalk underlaying regulation of gut functions in health conditions and during disease states, with particular attention to 2 major gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both characterized by psychiatric disorders. Research in this area opens the possibility to target tryptophan metabolism to ameliorate the knowledge on the pathogenesis of both diseases, as well as to discover new therapeutic strategies based either on conventional pharmacological approaches or on the use of pre- and probiotics to manipulate the microbial flora
Method for detecting hyaluronan in isolated myenteric plexus ganglia of adult rat small intestine
No full textThe cellular components of the enteric nervous system (ENS), namely enteric neurons and glia, display plasticity and respond to environmental cues deriving from growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, and cell-surface molecules, both in physiological and pathological conditions. ECM, in particular, provides an important framework for the enteric microenvironment and influences the homeostasis of myenteric neuronal circuitries. Isolation of pure myenteric plexus preparations from adult tissue permits to investigate changes in the ENS involving specific ECM, such as hyaluronan. This approach is based upon the possibility to isolate myenteric ganglia from the intestinal wall of either adult animals or humans, after microdissection and subsequent enzymatic digestion of the tissue. Enteric ganglia are free of connective tissue, extracellular collagen, and blood vessels, and thus treatment of intact intestinal segments with highly purified collagenases permits ganglia isolation from the surrounding smooth muscle cells. In this chapter, we describe methods for visualizing HA in isolated primary cultures of adult rat small intestine myenteric ganglia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
TRPV4 channels involvement in the response of lymphatic vessels intrinsic contractility to temperature
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Chronic desipramine treatment-induced changes in alpha2-adrenoceptor, mu-and k-opioid receptor pathways in the enteric nervous system
No full text- …
