1,720,967 research outputs found
A calibrated multiexit neural network for detecting urothelial cancer cells
Full text linkDeep convolutional networks have become a powerful tool for medical imaging diagnostic. In pathology, most efforts have been focused in the subfield of histology, while cytopathology (which studies diagnostic tools at the cellular level) remains underexplored. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model for cancer detection from urinary cytopathology screening images. We leverage recent ideas from the field of multioutput neural networks to provide a model that can efficiently train even on small-scale datasets, such as those typically found in real-world scenarios. Additionally, we argue that calibration (i.e., providing confidence levels that are aligned with the ground truth probability of an event) has been a major shortcoming of prior works, and we experiment a number of techniques to provide a well-calibrated model. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on a novel dataset, and we show that the combination of focal loss, multiple outputs, and temperature scaling provides a model that is significantly more accurate and calibrated than a baseline deep convolutional network
Altered expression of hMSH2 in sporadic colorectal cancer, surrounding mucosa and at distant colonic mucosa
No full textBACKGROUND: Mismatch repair gene hMSH2 is involved in correction of mispairing during replication and its mutation is associated both with microsatellite instability and with hereditary colorectal cancer. We evaluated its involvement in sporadic colorectal cancer tumorigenesis too. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protein expression pattern of hMSH2 was evaluated on 29 cases of resected sporadic adenocarcinoma using an immunohistochemical approach. RESULTS: In 14 cases, lack of hMSH2 protein expression was observed in adenocarcinoma and in peritumoral mucosa. In 12 patients, hMSH2 resulted in strong expression in the tumour as well as in the surrounding mucosa and at distant mucosa. In three cases, hMSH2 protein expression in tumoral, adjacent and at distance normal mucosa resulted negative. CONCLUSION: Repair genes could play an important role in tumour progression and in sporadic colorectal cancer. Detection of protein expression by immunohistochemistry may be a method to select tumours for successive genetic investigations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus
No full textFour cases of brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are reported in an area not endemic for HBV infection. Two cases are unusual, since cerebral metastases were the only secondary localization. In these cases, no other sites of metastasization were detected either before or immediately following neurosurgical treatment. In all cases the expression of pRB, p53 and p16 tumor suppressor protein was studied with immunohistochemistry, both, in the primary and metastatic lesions. The pRB expression was as follows: in two cases, lack and moderate expression were observed both, in the primary and in the metastases; in the other two, pRB was not detected. In all cases p53 expression was negative both, in the primary and the metastases. P16 expression was moderately expressed in three cases, both in the primary and the metastases. In one case it was absent. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process, in which several oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes are involved. In four unusual cases of spread to the brain, we evidenced that tumor suppressor protein expression of p16, p53, and particularly pRB (its aberrated expression is usually associated with metastasis) were altered. We also suggest that HBV and its X protein (HBX) might play an important role in such aggressive behavior of the neoplasia
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
