1,721,014 research outputs found
Chapter 2: Epidemiology of Coronal Caries.
No full textThis chapter summarizes the clinical data on coronal caries distribution and sociodemographic drivers in children, adults, and older people, at a global level. Mapping global caries prevalence showed an extreme variation on the prevalence, revealing still high rates in several countries. The disease is presented in each group as prevalence by age and mean number of affected teeth. Differences in the prevalence of dental caries in developed and developing countries may be due to not only wide variations in the age groups studied but also ethnic, cultural, geographic, and developmental differences, as well as access to dental services, healthcare availability, oral healthcare behaviors, nutritional habits, and lifestyles. The prevalence of caries in children and adults showed a decreasing trend in Western countries, notwithstanding the distribution of the disease is highly skewed linked to individual and community determinants. In older persons, a high caries prevalence up to 98% has been reported, with a very heterogeneous distribution among and within countries. Although still highly prevalent, a declining trend for tooth loss was observed. The patterns of the association between sociodemographic indicators and caries data indicate the need of a reform of the global oral healthcare system considering all the life course and caries inequalities. Further needs are related to the production of primary data on oral health to provide support to policymakers to create the national oral healthcare policies guided by epidemiology-based models of care
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
How to Intervene in the Root Caries Process? Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.
Get PDFThe aim of this review as part of the preparation for a workshop organized by the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) in conjunction with the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) was to systematically analyze available evidence of non-, micro- as well as invasive interventions for root caries lesions (RCLs). For each treatment strategy, a separate systematic review was either performed (micro-invasive and choice of restorative material) or updated (non-invasive and excavation technique) each of them following PRISMA guidelines, and if possible meta-analyses were performed. Besides the general advice to improve tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste main findings for non-invasive interventions in RCLs, the use of dentifrices containing 5,000 ppm F- as well as professionally applied chlorhexidine varnish or silver diamine fluoride seemed to be more efficacious to arrest root caries compared to conventional fluoride toothpaste or placebo respectively. However, this conclusion is based only on a few randomized clinical trials. For micro-invasive treatments, only 2 studies focusing on sealants were available without clear conclusions. A recent review on the comparison of atraumatic restorative treatment compared with conventional treatment concluded that there is insufficient data to clearly rule out if any difference with regard to restoration longevity between both techniques exists. When restoring coventionally, composites performed better than resin-modified and glass ionomer cements. However, all materials showed rather high annual failure rates in the majority of the studies and evidence is based on a low number of prospective studies with a rather high risk of bias
Caries experience and use of dental services in rural and urban adults and older adults from central Chile
Get PDFQuinteros, ME (Quinteros, Maria E.)Univ Talca, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Talca, Chile. Marino, RJ (Marino, Rodrigo J.) Univ Talca, Inst Math & Phys, Talca, Chile. Giacaman, RA (Giacaman, Rodrigo A.) Univ Talca, Dept Oral Rehabil & Interdisciplinary Excellence, Cariol Unit, Res Program Hlth Aging PIEI ES, Talca, ChileObjectiveTo determine whether there is a relationship between the use of dental services and caries experience in adults and older adults from central Chile.
Materials and methodsA sample of 453 adults, 35-44years of age, and 438 older adults, 65-74years of age, was interviewed and examined using World Health Organisation (WHO) methods. Sociodemographic variables were also registered. Caries experience was assessed using the Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT) index. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine whether there was an association between the independent variables and caries experience.
ResultsCaries prevalence was 99.6% for adults [DMFT score = 14.89 (6.16)] and 99.8% for older adults [DMFT score = 25.68 (+/- 6.49)]. Less than half of the population - 41.7% of adults and 31.5% of older adults - received dental care. Regardless of the age group, there were no differences in the DMFT score between those who received and those who did not receive attention (P>0.05). When the DMFT findings were analysed in greater detail, people who received dental care and urban participants had more fillings (P<0.05) than did those who were not provided with attention or lived in rural areas, who, in turn, had more missing teeth (P<0.05). A higher educational level was associated with a decrease of 1.15 DMFT points (P=0.003) in the group of older adults.
ConclusionsAdults and older adults from the Maule Region showed severe dental damage from caries. Although rurality and use of services do not seem to affect caries experience, they are associated with differences in fillings and missing teeth
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