1,721,108 research outputs found
Security issues and challenges in V2X: A Survey
No full textIn its latest report, the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) registered some 37,300 fatalities for the yearly victims of motor vehicle accidents in 2017. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is playing an important role in improving road safety, traffic efficiency and infotainment systems. With the growth of the connected vehicle technology, V2X is emerging as a key component in the rapid rise of this technology. Therefore, researchers think that development of robust wireless communication through efficient V2X technologies can significantly improve the vehicular environment. The highly dynamic environment and the mobility factor appear to be challenging for implementation of V2X technology. Similar to other wireless technology, the security issues are also key concerns in V2X. In this survey, we highlight and discuss the main security issues of V2X. Particularly, the main objective of this survey is providing for a comprehensive and structured outline of different research directions and approaches, mostly emphasizing on the security issues and challenges in V2X communication technologies. At first, we discuss the key features of V2X and focus on the standardization techniques used for communication technologies. Then, we introduce the security challenges and requirements of V2X. We also classify present state-of-the-art works dealing with implementing different secured techniques in V2X. We further discuss the project implementation that concentrated on the various applications in V2X. Finally, we identify possible future research directions of V2X, particularly in the area of security
AutoSec: Secure Automotive Data Transmission Scheme for In-Vehicle Networks
No full textModern vehicles comprise hundreds of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and sensors for enhancing numerous security and comfort-related functionalities. The ECUs perform real-time information exchange, such as automotive instructions over the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. However, the CAN bus architecture supports very limited security features. Thus, in-vehicle communications over CAN are vulnerable to critical security threats. Also, as ECUs are resource-constrained in nature, the continuous message transmissions lead to drain out of energy during inter-ECU communication if the authentication scheme is not cost-effective. This paper proposes AutoSec, a lightweight scheme, exploiting low-cost bit-wise XOR and concatenation operations to facilitate secure and efficient in-vehicle communications for connected vehicles. We show through qualitative analysis that AutoSec preserves the security properties of message integrity, user authentication, and message confidentiality. We implemented AutoSec on Raspberry Pi 3B+ and performed exhaustive experiments to validate the security robustness and lightweightness of AutoSec. The results show that AutoSec reduces the computation time by and energy consumption by
Secure over-the-air software updates in connected vehicles: A survey
No full textCurrent trends forecast that Over-the-Air (OTA) software updates will be highly significant for future connected vehicles. The OTA update will enable upgrading the vehicle functionalities or bug fixations in the embedded software installed on its Electronic Control Units (ECUs) remotely. The introduction of OTA updates in the automotive industry has brought many advantages for both the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and the driver/owner. However, in terms of security, OTA updates are highly critical as they need complete access to the in-vehicle communication network. This survey highlights and discusses OTA software updates in the automotive sector, mainly from the security perspective. The major objective of this survey is to deliver a comprehensive outline of various research directions and approaches in OTA update technologies in vehicles. At first, we discuss the connected vehicle technology and then integrate the relationship of OTA update features with the connected vehicle. We further discuss both promising and secure OTA update approaches, that have gained a lot of attention recently. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive comparative study of the existing OTA update approaches on the basis of strengths, weaknesses and evaluation setup. The survey also focuses on the existing vehicle features that support OTA updates, and customer satisfaction and usability. Finally, we identify possible future research directions of OTA updates for automobiles, particularly in the area of security
Secure over-the-air software update for connected vehicles
No full textCurrent trends forecast that Over-the-Air (OTA) software updates will be highly significant for future connected vehicles. The OTA software updates will enable upgrading vehicle functionalities or bug fixations in embedded software installed on electronic control units remotely. However, in terms of security, OTA updates are highly critical as they need complete access to the in-vehicle communication network. Furthermore, scheduling OTA software updates at a massive scale over a cellular network is highly challenging. This paper proposes STRIDE, a novel technique for secure and scalable software updates using cloud through cellular network. STRIDE ensures end-to-end security using ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption. To enable fast and reliable distribution of update package, we then propose a software update scheduling algorithm to serve dynamic traffic flow. Particularly, we integrate dynamic traffic flow with the Lyapunov-drift analysis framework, and establish throughput optimality of our proposed scheduling algorithm. We evaluate the performance of STRIDE through extensive experiments. Experimental results show that STRIDE reduces more than 52% computation and storage overheads, 60% propagation delay and increases throughput by 35% than the state-of-the-art solutions, in addition to enjoying the stronger security properties
DISC: A novel distributed on-demand clustering protocol for internet of multimedia things
No full textInternet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) are receiving significant attention due to a wide variety of applications, e.g., wildlife habitat monitoring, but they are often highly resource constrained. Compared to Internet of Things, preserving battery power of nodes, and maximizing the lifespan of IoMT are more critical and challenging as sensed data are mostly image/video instead of simple scalar. Recent studies have shown that clustering is an efficient solution to reduce energy consumption. In clusters, the role of each node changes to reduce energy consumption, thereby, prolonging lifespan. In this paper, we address the lifespan maximization problem in IoMT by designing a clustering protocol where clusters are formed dynamically. Specifically, we analyze and solve an optimization problem aiming to maximize the lifespan by reducing the energy consumption among cluster heads. Based on the analysis, we propose a novel DIStributed on-demand Clustering (DISC) protocol. Our cluster head election procedure is not periodic, but adaptive, based on the dynamism of the occurrence of events. This on-demand execution of DISC aims to significantly reduce computation and message overheads. We validate the performance of DISC through extensive experiments. Experimental results show that DISC is 25% more energy balanced and achieves 32% more lifespan as compared to two state-of-the-art solutions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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