131,247 research outputs found
Global Initiatives in Reforming Rules and Regulations
No full textThis chapter first considers empirical evidence on the benefits of reforms and then addresses reform issues in particular markets. It examines patent mechanisms and R&D policies in innovation markets; optimal environmental regulations and their impact on innovation, investments, and prices; barriers to trade and competition, and the structure of regulatory agencies in telecommunications markets; and some key issues related to financial markets. The concluding section discusses alternative frameworks for assessing the functioning of markets and for evaluating rules and regulations
Provisioning Subwavelength Multicast Sessions withFlexible Scheduling over WDM Mesh Networks
No full textProvisioning of Deadline-Driven Requests with FlexibleTransmission Rates in WDM Mesh Networks
No full textMeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
On-Demand Provisioning of Data-Aggregation Sessions Over WDM Optical Networks
No full textWe consider efficient network provisioning algorithms
for applications that aggregate large data files from multiple
remote sites to a central facility (where the aggregated data is
further processed). Many important bandwidth-hungry scientific
applications use such data aggregation, and it is important to
efficiently use network resources to meet their requirements. We
term an entire large-scale data-aggregation session as a data-aggregation
request (DAR). In this paper, we investigate the problem
of on-demand provisioning of DARs over a wavelength-division
multiplexing (WDM) backbone network infrastructure. Our DAR
provisioning problem is challenging, as for each DAR we need to
jointly identify lightpaths (route, assign wavelengths, and groom)
for each of the to-be-transferred files, and schedule DAR’s file
transfers in time. We first model our DAR provisioning problem
mathematically as a mixed integer linear program (MILP); to
solve our problem in practice, we propose a DAR provisioning
algorithm (named DARP). From our numerical results, we find
DARP to be efficient when compared with other benchmark
algorithms. We study DARP’s performance for a varying number
of aggregating sites deployed in the network (i.e., sites with supercomputer facilities) and perform a detailed sensitivity analysis on several parameters of our problem. We also investigate the effect of partitioning the data to be transferred into pieces and conclude that, if the partitioning method is carefully designed, slight improvement over the approach that transfers the whole file (DARP) is possible
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rattus ranjiniae Agrawal and Ghosal 1969
No full textRattus ranjiniae Agrawal and Ghosal, 1969. Proc. Zool. Soc. Calcutta, 22:41. TYPE LOCALITY: SW Indian Peninsula, India, Kerala State, Trivandrum. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality and Trichur, also in Kerala. COMMENTS: Represented by the four specimens taken at the type locality and two others collected at Trichur. Most information about the species is meager and contained in the original description. Our study of two paratypes kindly loaned to us by Dr. S. Chakraborty revealed that R. ranjiniae is characterized by large claws relative to body size, very long and slender hind feet, large body size, long molar rows, small bullae, narrow incisive foramina, and a short bony palate that does not extend past the third molars. These traits combine in a morphology that is uniquely distinct compared with all other species now placed in Rattus. Phylogenetic relationships of ranjiniae are unknown; possibly this species should be removed from Rattus.Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 658, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735309
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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