1,720,967 research outputs found
Que font les mobilisations environnementalistes à l’architecture, à l’urbanisme et au paysage ?
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Émile Zola’s Volatile Utopia
Full text link“Émile Zola’s Volatile Utopia,” published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Architectural Education, considers the politicization of ornament in the residential quarter in Émile Zola’s utopian novel Travail (1901) in relation to fin-de-siècle anarchic movements in the decorative art
Dans l’atelier de Simon-Claude Constant-Dufeux
Full text linkEn novembre 1859, Jules Bourgoin entre à l’École des beaux-arts sur la recommandation de Simon-Claude Constant-Dufeux, dans l’atelier duquel il étudie l’architecture jusqu’à la fin de l’année 1860 (fig. 1). Si cette formation à l’art de bâtir s’avère très brève, divers éléments témoignent de ce passage à l’atelier et d’un intérêt premier pour l’architecture. Les calques et carnets relatifs à cette période décrivent certains édifices réalisés par son maître, comme la façade pour l’École spéci..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Contextual resource driven architecture
No full textMay 2014School of ArchitectureDesigning responsibly in the current environment of ecological doubt requires fundamental changes. By constructing architecture of site resources alone, you eliminate the embodied energy and inorganic materials that run rampant in the modern day construction industry. Bio-polymer-based material systems need to be investigated to combat the current detrimental synthetic petroleum-based materials that currently compose our markets.By creating architecture that is truly of the site, it begins to blur the line between the natural environment and the built environment. The use of bio-polymer based material systems lends to a greater ability to respond to the local environment's needs by creating materials that are sensitive to the ever-changing context the system is in contact with.The morphology created from these bio-polymer based material systems will begin to break accepted architectural paradigms of form by changing our influence on the design. The designer or architect is no longer the primary giver of form, but rather the catalyst of form. The influence we have now is the construction of scaffolding and form work that the material system is applied to. The material system will dictate the final form by its own intrinsic properties such as setting time, viscosity and flexibility. The end result of the form is a combination of the designer's input and the material's natural response to the ambient environment and typographic scaffolding.MArc
A new approach to materiality
No full textMay 2014School of ArchitectureHeterogeneous material assemblies have been investigated by structural, material engineers, and architects for nearly a century since the release of D'Arcy Thompson's "On Growth and Form" in the beginning of the twentieth century. The idea of heterogeneous assemblies that enable to produce a variation of material properties within the same assembly as seen in nature is not new, however, man-constructed assemblies of this type became obsolete at the dawn of the Industrial revolution and the advent of homogeneous materials such as steel. Nanotechnology and nano computing enabled a new approach to material construction and form finding which enable to derive form from a variation of material properties. The goal of the thesis is to explore such an approach, to integrate it with studies of material properties and studies of social behaviors and to speculate about spatial, social and programmatic implications. In the scope of the thesis we are to synthesize these studies into a cohesive architectural system of material research and synthesis center and propose another method of form finding where the form logic is embedded in material properties.MArc
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The Symbolic, the Lithic and the Legible: Simon-Claude Constant-Dufeux and Mid-Nineteenth-Century Architectural Eclecticism
Full text linkThis dissertation traces the career of Simon-Claude Constant-Dufeux (1801-1871), an important, yet little-studied, architect and educator who played a central role in mid-nineteenth-century architectural culture and pedagogy in France. In his writings, his designs, and his teachings at the École des Beaux-Arts and in the private atelier established in 1836, Constant-Dufeux presented architecture as a discipline primarily concerned with symbolic expression and communication. Constant-Dufeux played a key role in determining what would later be called, the Néo-Grec façade. Moreover, his influential teachings on the unity of the arts, his attention to the burgeoning field of aesthetics, and his interest in ornamental design, left a lasting imprint on the subsequent generation of architects and decorative artists.
The dissertation is organized in two parts. Structured as an intellectual history, the first part charts the discourse on symbolic representation as developed by philologists, philosophers, archeologists and architects in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Here, I explore two parallel developments that were consequential in the way the symbol was understood by Constant-Dufeux: the migration of German Romantic theories of the symbol into France, and the emergence of a "symbolic interpretation" of origins in the architectural discourse of the late eighteen and early nineteenth centuries that challenged neoclassical accounts based on imitation.
The second part traces the social, political and aesthetic philosophy of Constant-Dufeux from his early formation in the administration of the Ponts et Chaussée and in the atelier of François Debret at the École des Beaux-Arts, through his decisive experience in Italy as a recipient of the Grand Prix in 1829, to his professional career in Paris. I provide close readings of the architect's chief works: the fifth-year envoi from Rome for a Chamber of Deputies, the façade for the École Gratuite de Dessin de Paris on the rue Racine, the design of a medal for the Société Centrale des Architectes, and his most ambitious and multi- layered work: the tomb for the rear-admiral Dumont d'Urville in the Montparnasse Cemetery. In addition, I assess more fully the architect's larger vision and theory in light of the reigning eclecticism of the epoch. The architect's eclecticism is read through the lens of Ludovic Vitet, César Daly and Victor Cousin, and I demonstrate that far from being a undirected mélange of competing historical styles, it was intended as a purposeful, even utopian strategy of provoking a yet unseen modern architectural form
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Ornament and Expressive Lines: Nature and Symbol in Victor Ruprich-Robert's Flore ornementale
No full textThis chapter examines the work of Victor Ruprich‐Robert (1820–87), an architect and leading reformer of ornament during the Second Empire, and situates it within the crisis of meaning in ornamentation in mid‐nineteenth‐century France. Particular attention is given to Flore ornementale, Ruprich‐Robert's major work on ornamental design, first published in 1866, and republished in expanded form in 1876. The chapter locates the main ideas set forth in the book at the intersection of new ideals in philosophical aesthetics and the natural sciences appearing in France in the 1850s and 60s
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Second Nature
Full text linkA short essay on ornament and fear in the nineteenth century
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