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    Self-rated socio-economic status, social, physical and leisure activities and risk for malnutrition in late life: a cross-sectional population-based study

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    Abstract: Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate the proportion of community-dwelling elderly people at risk for malnutrition and the effect of different socioeconomic status (SES) indicators as well as social, physical and leisure activities in late life on the risk for malnutrition. Design: A cross-sectional population-based study. Setting: A sub-urban area in Northern Italy. Participants: 698 community-dwelling older persons. Measurements: The nutritional status of participants was assessed through the Mini Nutritional Assessment- Short Form (MNA-SF). SES was defined by means of early-life education, longest occupation, and late-life financial conditions. The following indicators were also evaluated: social contacts, and performing mental, physical and leisure activities during late-life. Chronic diseases, functional, cognitive and affective status were considered as potential confounders when examining the risk for malnutrition by logistic regression models. Results: 8% of the participants (average age 75.6 years, 408 women) were at risk for malnutrition (MNA-SF ≤ 11). Low education, poor financial condition, and lack of physical and leisure activities showed a crude association with risk for malnutrition. Multi-adjusted logistic regression models showed that only low education (OR=2.9; 95% CI=1.2-6.8) and lack of physical activity (OR=4.4;95%CI=2.0-9.7) were independently associated with the risk for malnutrition. Conclusions: Low education and lack of physical activity in late-life may affect the risk for malnutrition in the elderly. Further studies are needed to clarify the cause-effect relationship between lack of physical activity and malnutrition

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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