1,721,043 research outputs found
Comunicazione in famiglia e processi di integrazione
Full text linkL'analisi sulle competenze linguistiche degli immigrati qui riportata si basa sull'indagine multiscopo "Condizioni e integrazione sociale degli stranieri in Italia, 2011-2012" condotta da Istat e Ministero dell'Interno. In particolare si è distinta la popolazione immigrata in Italia sulla base della "lingua parlata in famiglia", come presupposto del livello di integrazione effettivamente conseguito dagli stranieri in un paese ospitante. Sotto questo profilo, allora, già da questa prima analisi emerge come per la sottopopolazione parlante italiano in famiglia a la lingua citaliana non sia un semplice veicolo di comunicazione -a differenza di chi parla italiano solo al di fuori dell'ambito familiare ma al suo interno usa la lingua del paese di origine- bensì un passo sostanziale per la costruzione ed il "transfert" del senso di appartenenza ad una identità nazional
‘Either something's wrong, or I'm a terrible parent’: a systematic review of parent experiences of illness-related interpretations for unsettled babies
No full textAims: To explore parents' experiences of unsettled babies and medical labels. Design: Qualitative systematic review, thematic synthesis and development of a conceptual model. Review Methods: Systematic review and thematic synthesis of primary, qualitative research into parents' experiences of unsettled babies <12 months of age. ‘Unsettled’ was defined as perception of excessive crying with additional feature(s) such as vomiting, skin or stool problems. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to assess trustworthiness. Data Sources: Structured searches completed in CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and CochraneCT on 23 March 2022 and rerun on 14 April 2023. Results: Ten eligible studies were included across eight countries contributing data from 103 mothers and 24 fathers. Two analytical themes and eight descriptive themes were developed. Firstly, parents expressed fearing judgement, feeling guilty and out of control as a result of babies' unsettled symptoms and seeking strategies to construct an ‘Identity as a “Good Parent”’. This desire for positive parenting identity underpinned the second analytical theme ‘Searching for an explanation’ which included seeking external (medical) causes for babies' unsettled behaviours. Conclusion: Parents can become trapped in a cycle of ‘searching for an explanation’ for their baby's unsettled behaviours, experiencing considerable distress which is exacerbated by feelings of guilt and failure. Impact and Implications for Patient Care: Insight gained from this review could inform interventions to support parents, reducing inaccurate medicalization. Health visiting teams supporting parents with unsettled baby behaviour could focus on supporting a positive parenting identity by managing expectations, normalizing the continuum of infant behaviours, reducing feelings of guilt or uncertainty and helping parents regain a feeling of control. Reporting Method: ENTREQ guidelines were adhered to in the reporting of this review. Patient or Public Contribution: Parent input was crucial in the design phase; shaping the language used (e.g., ‘unsettled babies’) and in the analysis sense-checking findings.</p
Lingua e cittadinanza: criteri altenativi per identificare una popolazione e le sue dinamiche? Un approccio demo-linguistico
No full textReport n. 346 del Dipartimento di Satistica e Matematica Applicata all'Economia- Università di Pis
“Seeing pain differently”::A qualitative investigation into the differences and similarities of pain and rheumatology specialists interpretation of multi-dimensional mhealth pain data from children and young people with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Full text linkBackgroundIn contrast to traditional uni-dimensional paper-based scales, mHealth assessment of pain in children and young people (CYP) with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) enables comprehensive and complex multidimensional pain data to be captured remotely by individuals with this long-term condition. However, we do not yet know how professionals use multidimensional pain data to interpret and synthesise pain reports gathered using mHealth tools.ObjectiveTo explore the salience and prioritisation of different mHealth pain features as interpreted by key stakeholders involved in research into and management of CYP with JIA. Methods Pain and rheumatology specialists were purposively recruited via professional organisations. We conducted face-to-face focus groups for each separate specialist group. Participants were asked to rank order nine static vignette scenarios created from real patient mHealth multidimensional pain data. These data had been collected by a researcher in a separate study using My Pain Tracker (MPT), a valid and acceptable mHealth iPad pain communication tool which collects information about intensity, severity, location, emotion and pictorial pain qualities. Specialists discussed their decision-making processes behind each rank order in the focus groups. The total group rank ordering of vignette scenarios were calculated. Qualitative data from discussions were analysed using latent thematic analysis. ResultsNine pain specialists took part in one focus group and ten rheumatology specialists in another. Within groups, consensus for the highest pain experience was poorer in pain specialists (42.86%) compared to their rankings of lowest pain experiences (57.14%). However in rheumatology specialists, consensus for highest pain experience (70%) was stronger than when ranking the lowest pain experience (50%). Pain intensity was a high priority for pain specialists, but intensity and severity taken together were prioritised high by rheumatology specialists. Pain spread was highly prioritised, with the number of pain locations (particular areas or joints) being a high priority for both groups and radiating pain a high priority for pain specialists only. Pain emotion was challenging for both groups and was only perceived to be a high priority when specialists had additional confirmatory evidence (such as information about pain interference or clinical observations) to validate this. Pain qualities such as particular word descriptors, use of the colour red and fire symbols were seen to be high priority by both groups in interpretation of CYP pain reports. ConclusionsPain interpretation is complex but findings from this study of specialists decision-making processes indicate which aspects of pain are prioritised and weighted more heavily than others by those interpreting mHealth data. These findings are useful for future research to develop electronic graphical summaries to assist specialists to interpret patient reported mHealth pain data more efficiently in clinical and research settings.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Systematic review of interventions to promote the performance of physical distancing behaviours during infectious disease pandemics/epidemics
No full textObjectivesPhysical distancing, defined as keeping 1-2m apart when co-located, can prevent cases of droplet or aerosol transmitted infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing was a recommendation or a requirement in many countries. This systematic review aimed to determine which interventions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) are effective in promoting adherence to distancing and through which potential mechanisms of action (MOAs). MethodsSix databases were searched. The review included studies that were (a) conducted on humans, (b) reported physical distancing interventions, (c) included any comparator (e.g., pre-intervention versus post-intervention; randomized controlled trial) and (d) reported actual distancing or predictors of distancing behavior. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. BCTs and potential MoAs were identified in each intervention. ResultsSix papers indicated that distancing interventions could successfully change MoAs and behavior. Successful BCTs (MoAs) included feedback on behavior (e.g., motivation); information about health consequences, salience of health consequences (e.g., beliefs about consequences), demonstration (e.g., beliefs about capabilities) and restructuring the physical environment (e.g., environmental context and resources). The most promising interventions were proximity buzzers, directional systems and posters with loss-framed messages that demonstrated the behaviors. ConclusionsThe evidence indicates several BCTs and potential MoAs that should be targeted in interventions and highlights the gaps that should be focused on in future research.KEYWORDS: Systematic review; physical distancing; COVID-19; social distancingHighlights•Evaluates the effectiveness of interventions to promote distancing in pandemics•Six studies show that interventions can increase distancing •Key techniques: feedback, information about consequences, restructuring •Key delivery modes are posters and proximity buzzers•Further research is required to test more techniques and modes of delivery<br/
Urban-rural disparities in COVID-19 hospitalisations and mortality: A population-based study on national surveillance data from Germany and Italy
Full text link
Purpose
Recent literature has highlighted the overlapping contribution of demographic characteristics and spatial factors to urban-rural disparities in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and outcomes. Yet the interplay between individual characteristics, hospitalisation, and spatial factors for urban-rural disparities in COVID-19 mortality have received limited attention.
Methods
To fill this gap, we use national surveillance data collected by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and we fit a generalized linear model to estimate the association between COVID-19 mortality and the individuals’ age, sex, hospitalisation status, population density, share of the population over the age of 60, and pandemic wave across urban, intermediate and rural territories.
Findings
We find that in what type of territory individuals live (urban-intermediate-rural) accounts for a significant difference in their probability of dying given SARS-COV-2 infection. Hospitalisation has a large and positive effect on the probability of dying given SARS-CoV-2 infection, but with a gradient across urban, intermediate and rural territories. For those living in rural areas, the risk of dying is lower than in urban areas but only if hospitalisation was not needed; while for those who were hospitalised in rural areas the risk of dying was higher than in urban areas.
Conclusions
Together with individuals’ demographic characteristics (notably age), hospitalisation has the largest effect on urban-rural disparities in COVID-19 mortality net of other individual and regional characteristics, including population density and the share of the population over 60.
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Living with unsettled baby behaviours: qualitative interview study exploring parental perceptions and experiences of help seeking: Qualitative interview study exploring parental perceptions and experiences of help-seeking
No full textAim: to explore parents' perceptions/experiences of help-seeking for unsettled baby behaviours, including views and experiences of obtaining advice from primary healthcare professionals.Design: semi-structured qualitative interviews.Methods: recruitment occurred via social media, general practice and health visiting teams. Remote semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of babies. Babies were under 12 months old at time of interview, and parents had perceived unsettled baby behaviours in their first 4 months of life. Interviews were transcribed and data analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results: based on interviews with 25 mothers, four main themes were developed. ‘The need for answers’ highlighted parental uncertainty about what constitutes normal baby behaviour, leading to help-seeking from multiple sources. ‘The importance of health professionals’ and ‘Experiencing health professional support’ identified perceptions about limited access, communication, mixed advice and how these influenced parental perception/management of behaviours. ‘Foundations to help-seeking’ highlighted important roles of social support and online help for valued shared experiences, emotional and practical support.Conclusion: health professional access and advice are important to parents, despite the increasing role of online help and importance of social support. More support and improved access to reliable sources of information is needed for parents.Implications for the profession and/or patient care: findings will inform future research and clinical practice to address parental uncertainties. Qualitative research with front-line health professionals is necessary.Impact: findings can inform the development of resources to support professionals/families managing unsettled babies.Reporting method: standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.Public involvement: a public contributor was involved throughout all stages of the research. Emerging findings were discussed at a parent group.What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?• Addressing parental uncertainties is important; about what is normal, non-pharmacological approaches and when pharmacological intervention is required.• A digital information/self-management intervention may be useful for parents/clinicians
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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