1,721,258 research outputs found
New Tools for Precision and Personalized Treatment in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Full text linkPrecision medicine aims at treating patients with the most tailored treatments based on individual biological and molecular features [...
Special issue: Molecular biomarkers in solid tumors
Full text linkDiagnostic strategies using a next-generation systematic approach have the potential to radically improve the outcome and subsequent quality of life of patients with cancer [...]
Singular point detection of energy losses in hard magnetic materials
No full textThe real and the imaginary part of the reversible parallel susceptibility (RPS) and it harmonics was measured using the modulation technique. Singular Point Detection (SPD) peak in the second harmonic of the complex susceptibility was observed
Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer achieving pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery
No full textRight Versus Left Colon Cancer: Resectable and Metastatic Disease
No full textColorectal cancer does not represent a single anatomic entity and side of origin has a key impact on prognosis and response to different systemic therapies. Compared to tumours arising in left colon, right colorectal cancers rely on the activation of different molecular pathways (e.g. BRAF mutation and MSI status). From a clinical point of view, this results in a different response to anti-EGFR agents. Current guidelines suggest the use of cetuximab or panitumumab in RAS wild-type disease and left colon cancer especially for cytoreduction/conversion purposes, since the expected benefit in right colon cancer is absent or clinically modest. The prognostic role of microbiota in colorectal cancer disease deserves more clarification before being considered in common clinical practice. Screening policies could also be affected by these new acquisitions. At the moment, sidedness should be considered as a strong prognostic variable and a surrogate predictor of different activity of anti-EGFR agents in the metastatic setting. Its role in early stages of resected disease is still uncertain
Outcomes Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment of Patients With Microsatellite Instability-High Cancers A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textImportance: The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway plays a crucial role in repairing DNA replication errors in normal and cancer cells. Defects in DNA MMR proteins that determine the microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) condition lead to the accumulation of mutations and the generation of neoantigens, which may stimulate the antitumor immune response. Clinical trials have demonstrated that MSI-H status is associated with long-term benefit in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Objective: To evaluate the activity of ICIs in terms of overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with MSI-H cancers.
Data sources: Published articles that evaluated ICIs in the treatment of advanced MSI-H tumors from inception to December 2019 were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.
Study selection: Prospective or retrospective studies, published in the English language, providing outcome data with ICIs in patients with MSI-H cancer were selected.
Data extraction and synthesis: Author and year of publication, type of studies, diseases included, median follow up, type of ICI, median OS ,and PFS, ORR, DCR and 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS were retrieved. Analysis was performed in December 2019.
Main outcome and measures: The primary outcome of interest was ORR. Secondary end points were median PFS, median OS, pooled rate of patients alive at 1, 2 ,and 3 years, and pooled rate of patients that attained disease control rate ([DCR] calculated as the sum of stable disease rate and ORR).
Results: Overall, 939 patients (14 studies) were analyzed mainly in pretreated settings. The pooled ORR was 41.5% (95% CI, 34.9%-48.4%). The pooled DCR was 62.8% (95% CI, 54.5%-70.3%). Pooled median PFS was 4.3 months (95% CI, 3-6.8 months). The pooled median OS was 24 months (95% CI, 20.1-28.5 months). The pooled 1- and 2-year OS were 75.6% (95% CI, 61.8%-85.5%) and 56.5% (95% CI, 46%-66.4%), respectively. Because only 1 study provided 3-year OS data, a formal pooled analysis for 3 years was not possible.
Conclusions and relevance: In this meta-analysis of patients with pretreated MSI-H cancer, ICIs were associated with high activity independent of tumor type and drug used. Among molecular biomarkers for selection of treatment, MMR proteins may have a predictive value for the activity of immunotherapy
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